* that gets messy here, and we already have null tests for Range.
   */

  /*
   * These generators also rely on consecutive integer inputs (not necessarily in order, but no
   * holes).
   */

  // SetCreationTester has some tests that pass in duplicates. Dedup them.

### Core Design Principles
CoreLib follows a **utility-class pattern** where most functionality is exposed through static methods:

- **Assertion-based validation** - All methods validate inputs using `AssertionUtil.assertArgumentNotNull()` and `AssertionUtil.assertArgumentNotEmpty()`

 * advantage of that for convertAll, as discussed on that method.)
 *
 * 2. The supertype of this class could be `Function<@Nullable A, @Nullable B>`, since
 * Converter.apply (like Converter.convert) is capable of accepting null inputs. However, a
 * supertype of `Function<A, B>` turns out to be massively more useful to callers in practice: They
 * want their output to be non-null in operations like `stream.map(myConverter)`, and we can

        assertEquals(expectedLong, LongMath.binomial(n, k));
      }
    }
  }


  @GwtIncompatible // Slow
  public void testBinomial_exhaustiveNotOverflowing() {
    // Tests all of the inputs to LongMath.binomial that won't cause it to overflow, that weren't
    // tested in the previous method, for k >= 3.
    for (int k = 3; k < LongMath.biggestBinomials.length; k++) {

   * that gets messy here, and we already have null tests for Range.
   */

  /*
   * These generators also rely on consecutive integer inputs (not necessarily in order, but no
   * holes).
   */

  // SetCreationTester has some tests that pass in duplicates. Dedup them.

        CIFSException ex = assertThrows(CIFSException.class, () -> ctx.verifyMIC(data, mic));
        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("Failed to verify MIC"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("verifyMIC with null inputs throws NPE")
    void verifyMIC_nullInputs() {
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ctx.verifyMIC(null, new byte[] { 1 }));

   * {@code Supplier}, whose elements are the result of applying {@code elementFunction} to the
   * inputs, with counts equal to the result of applying {@code countFunction} to the inputs.
   * Elements are added in encounter order.
   *
   * <p>If the mapped elements contain duplicates (according to {@link Object#equals}), the element

   * {@code Supplier}, whose elements are the result of applying {@code elementFunction} to the
   * inputs, with counts equal to the result of applying {@code countFunction} to the inputs.
   * Elements are added in encounter order.
   *
   * <p>If the mapped elements contain duplicates (according to {@link Object#equals}), the element

        buildInitParamMap(viewHelper.getInitGeoParamMap(), Constants.GEO_QUERY, Constants.GEO_FORM);
    }

    /**
     * Builds parameter maps for search initialization, creating both query strings
     * and form inputs for the given parameters.
     *
     * @param paramMap the parameter map to process
     * @param queryKey the key for storing query string parameters
     * @param formKey the key for storing form input parameters

    if (yStats.count() == 0) {
      sumOfProductsOfDeltas = values.sumOfProductsOfDeltas();
    } else {
      // This is a generalized version of the calculation in add(double, double) above. Note that
      // non-finite inputs will have sumOfProductsOfDeltas = NaN, so non-finite values will result
      // in NaN naturally.
      sumOfProductsOfDeltas +=
          values.sumOfProductsOfDeltas()
              + (values.xStats().mean() - xStats.mean())