]
}
```

because the path parameter `item_id` had a value of `"foo"`, which is not an `int`.

The same error would appear if you provided a `float` instead of an `int`, as in: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2</a>

/// check

So, with the same Python type declaration, **FastAPI** gives you data validation.

  public void testElementSetClear() {
    getMultiset().elementSet().clear();
    assertEmpty(getMultiset());
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@link Method} instances for the read tests that assume multisets support duplicates so
   * that the test of {@code Multisets.forSet()} can suppress them.
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection

# Security - First Steps { #security-first-steps }

Let's imagine that you have your **backend** API in some domain.

And you have a **frontend** in another domain or in a different path of the same domain (or in a mobile application).

And you want to have a way for the frontend to authenticate with the backend, using a **username** and **password**.

We can use **OAuth2** to build that with **FastAPI**.

   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> consider representing the collection as a {@link java.util.BitSet} instead.
   *
   * @param collection a collection of {@code Boolean} objects
   * @return an array containing the same values as {@code collection}, in the same order, converted
   *     to primitives
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code collection} or any of its elements is null
   */
  public static boolean[] toArray(Collection<Boolean> collection) {

   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> consider representing the collection as a {@link java.util.BitSet} instead.
   *
   * @param collection a collection of {@code Boolean} objects
   * @return an array containing the same values as {@code collection}, in the same order, converted
   *     to primitives
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code collection} or any of its elements is null
   */
  public static boolean[] toArray(Collection<Boolean> collection) {

        assertNull(session.transport, "transport not created yet");
        SmbTransport tr = session.transport();
        assertNotNull(tr, "transport should now exist");
        // subsequent calls return the same instance
        assertSame(tr, session.transport());
    }

    @Test
    void sendResetsResponseAndForwards() throws Exception {
        SmbSession session = new SmbSession(addr, 445, inet, 0, auth);

### Environment variables

#### MINIO_ETCD_ENDPOINTS

This is comma separated list of etcd servers that you want to use as the MinIO federation back-end. This should
be same across the federated deployment, i.e. all the MinIO instances within a federated deployment should use same
etcd back-end.

#### MINIO_DOMAIN

This is the top level domain name used for the federated setup. This domain name should ideally resolve to a load-balancer

You can use the same dependency *functions* you use normally.

### Dependency requirements { #dependency-requirements }

They can declare request requirements (like headers) or other sub-dependencies:

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py hl[8,13] *}

### Raise exceptions { #raise-exceptions }

These dependencies can `raise` exceptions, the same as normal dependencies:

final class Platform {

  private static final char[] CHAR_BUFFER = new char[1024];

  static char[] charBufferFromThreadLocal() {
    // ThreadLocal is not available to GWT, so we always reuse the same
    // instance.  It is always safe to return the same instance because
    // javascript is single-threaded, and only used by blocks that doesn't
    // involve async callbacks.
    return CHAR_BUFFER;
  }

  private Platform() {}

Then you declare your data model as a class that inherits from `BaseModel`.

Use standard Python types for all the attributes:

{* ../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py hl[5:9] *}


The same as when declaring query parameters, when a model attribute has a default value, it is not required. Otherwise, it is required. Use `None` to make it just optional.