*
     * @param options the upgrade options to use
     * @return a mock UpgradeContext
     */
    public static UpgradeContext createMockContext(UpgradeOptions options) {
        return createMockContext(Paths.get("/project"), options);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a mock UpgradeContext with the specified working directory and options.
     *

        CommonsCliUpgradeOptions options = CommonsCliUpgradeOptions.parse(args);

        assertTrue(options.modelVersion().isPresent(), "--model-version option should be present");
        assertEquals("4.1.0", options.modelVersion().get(), "--model-version should be 4.1.0");

        assertTrue(options.infer().isPresent(), "--infer option should be present");
        assertTrue(options.infer().get(), "--infer option should be true");

        protected void prepareOptions(org.apache.commons.cli.Options options) {
            super.prepareOptions(options);
            options.addOption(Option.builder(ALTERNATE_POM_FILE)
                    .longOpt("file")
                    .hasArg()
                    .desc("Force the use of an alternate POM file (or directory with pom.xml)")
                    .get());
            options.addOption(Option.builder(NON_RECURSIVE)

            }

            // Apply default behavior: if no specific options are provided, use default
            if (options.all().isEmpty()
                    && options.infer().isEmpty()
                    && options.model().isEmpty()
                    && options.plugins().isEmpty()
                    && options.modelVersion().isEmpty()) {
                return defaultValue;
            }

    }

    @Override
    public Settings read(Reader input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        try (Reader in = input) {
            InputSource source = (InputSource) options.get(InputSource.class.getName());
            return new Settings(new SettingsStaxReader().read(in, isStrict(options), source));
        } catch (XMLStreamException e) {

    @Override
    public Metadata read(File input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        return read(Files.newInputStream(input.toPath()), options);
    }

    @Override
    public Metadata read(Reader input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

     * @param options The options to use for serialization, may be {@code null} to use the default values.
     * @param model The model to serialize, must not be {@code null}.
     * @throws IOException If the model could not be serialized.
     */
    void write(File output, Map<String, Object> options, Model model) throws IOException;

    /**

     *
     * @param source the source to parse, never {@code null}
     * @param options possible parsing options, may be {@code null}
     * @return the parsed {@link Model}, never {@code null}
     * @throws ModelParserException if the model cannot be parsed
     */
    @Nonnull
    Model parse(@Nonnull Source source, @Nullable Map<String, ?> options) throws ModelParserException;

    /**

import org.apache.maven.api.cli.Options;
import org.apache.maven.api.cli.ParserRequest;

/**
 * Options that are "layered" by precedence order.
 *
 * @param <O> The type of options.
 */
public abstract class LayeredOptions<O extends Options> implements Options {
    protected final List<O> options;

    protected LayeredOptions(List<O> options) {
        this.options = new ArrayList<>(options);
    }

     * @param options The options to use for deserialization, may be {@code null} to use the default values.
     * @return The deserialized model, never {@code null}.
     * @throws IOException If the model could not be deserialized.
     * @throws ModelParseException If the input format could not be parsed.
     */
    Model read(File input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException, ModelParseException;

    /**