from functools import partial

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


def main(some_arg, q: str | None = None):
    return {"some_arg": some_arg, "q": q}


endpoint = partial(main, "foo")

app = FastAPI()

app.get("/")(endpoint)


client = TestClient(app)


def test_partial():
    response = client.get("/?q=bar")
    data = response.json()

import pytest
from fastapi import Body, Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

initial_fake_database = {"rick": "Rick Sanchez"}

fake_database = initial_fake_database.copy()

initial_state = {"except": False, "finally": False}

state = initial_state.copy()

app = FastAPI()


async def get_database():
    temp_database = fake_database.copy()
    try:
        yield temp_database

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security.open_id_connect_url import OpenIdConnect
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

oid = OpenIdConnect(openIdConnectUrl="/openid", auto_error=False)


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str


def get_current_user(oauth_header: str | None = Security(oid)):

# 測試 WebSocket { #testing-websockets }

你可以使用相同的 `TestClient` 來測試 WebSocket。

為此，你可以在 `with` 陳述式中使用 `TestClient`，連線到該 WebSocket：

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py310.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | 注意

想了解更多，請參考 Starlette 的[測試 WebSocket](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions)文件。

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.behind_a_proxy.tutorial001_01_py310 import app

client = TestClient(
    app,
    base_url="https://example.com",
    follow_redirects=False,
)


def test_redirect() -> None:
    response = client.get("/items")
    assert response.status_code == 307
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://example.com/items/"


def test_no_redirect() -> None:

`TestClient` 在内部通过一些“魔法”操作，使得您可以在普通的 `def` 测试函数中调用异步的 FastAPI 应用程序，并使用标准的 pytest。但当我们在异步函数中使用它时，这种“魔法”就不再生效了。由于测试以异步方式运行，我们无法在测试函数中继续使用 `TestClient`。

`TestClient` 是基于 [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org) 的。幸运的是，我们可以直接使用它来测试 API。

## 示例 { #example }

举个简单的例子，让我们来看一个与[更大的应用](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md)和[测试](../tutorial/testing.md)中描述的类似文件结构：

```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```

from typing import Annotated, TypeVar

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

app = FastAPI()

T = TypeVar("T")

Dep = Annotated[T, Depends()]


class A:
    pass


class B:
    pass


@app.get("/a")
async def a(dep: Dep[A]):
    return {"cls": dep.__class__.__name__}


@app.get("/b")
async def b(dep: Dep[B]):

      "https://connect.squareup.com/robots.txt",
    )

  println("TLS1.3+TLS1.2")
  testClient(urls, buildClient(ConnectionSpec.RESTRICTED_TLS))

  println("\nTLS1.3 only")
  testClient(urls, buildClient(TLS_13))

  println("\nTLS1.3 then fallback")
  testClient(urls, buildClient(TLS_13, TLS_12))

from typing import Annotated

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from .utils import needs_py310


def get_client():
    app = FastAPI()
    with pytest.warns(FastAPIDeprecationWarning):

        @app.get("/items/")
        async def read_items(

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/")
async def get(
    x: Annotated[float, Query(allow_inf_nan=True)] = 0,
    y: Annotated[float, Query(allow_inf_nan=False)] = 0,
    z: Annotated[float, Query()] = 0,
    b: Annotated[float, Body(allow_inf_nan=False)] = 0,
) -> str:
    return "OK"


client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(