* {@code Type}, for example {@link #isSubtypeOf}, {@link #isArray} and {@link #getComponentType}.
 * It also provides additional utilities such as {@link #getTypes}, {@link #resolveType}, etc.
 *
 * <p>There are three ways to get a {@code TypeToken} instance:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Wrap a {@code Type} obtained via reflection. For example: {@code
 *       TypeToken.of(method.getGenericReturnType())}.

/// info

To use forms, first install [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart).

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md), activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

/// note

This is supported since FastAPI version `0.113.0`. 🤓

///

## Pydantic Models for Forms { #pydantic-models-for-forms }

import java.util.Set;

/**
 * A sorted set of contiguous values in a given {@link DiscreteDomain}. Example:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * ContiguousSet.create(Range.closed(5, 42), DiscreteDomain.integers())
 * }
 *
 * <p>Note that because bounded ranges over {@code int} and {@code long} values are so common, this
 * particular example can be written as just:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * ContiguousSet.closed(5, 42)
 * }
 *

 *     return COMPARATOR.compare(this, that);
 *   }
 * }
 *
 * <p>With method references it is more succinct: {@code comparing(Foo::aString)} for example.
 *
 * <p>Using {@link Comparator} avoids certain types of bugs, for example when you meant to write
 * {@code .compare(a.foo, b.foo)} but you actually wrote {@code .compare(a.foo, a.foo)} or {@code

  }

  // Test for common pitfall regarding sign extension.
  // For example: (long) data[i++] | (long) data[i++] << 8 | ...
  // If data[i] == (byte) 0x80, the first cast will sign-extend it to 0xffffffffffffff80,
  // masking the remaining seven bytes.
  // To test this, we give an input where bit 7 is not cleared. For example:
  // (1) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 80
  // (2) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 81

  }

  // Test for common pitfall regarding sign extension.
  // For example: (long) data[i++] | (long) data[i++] << 8 | ...
  // If data[i] == (byte) 0x80, the first cast will sign-extend it to 0xffffffffffffff80,
  // masking the remaining seven bytes.
  // To test this, we give an input where bit 7 is not cleared. For example:
  // (1) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 80
  // (2) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 81

{* ../../docs_src/header_param_models/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[10] *}

If a client tries to send some **extra headers**, they will receive an **error** response.

For example, if the client tries to send a `tool` header with a value of `plumbus`, they will receive an **error** response telling them that the header parameter `tool` is not allowed:

```json
{
    "detail": [
        {

 *       byte sequences under the covers.
 *   <li><b>hash code:</b> each hash function always yields hash codes of the same fixed bit length
 *       (given by {@link #bits}). For example, {@link Hashing#sha1} produces a 160-bit number,
 *       while {@link Hashing#murmur3_32()} yields only 32 bits. Because a {@code long} value is

All source code in Gradle is written to target one or more of these runtimes.
Most source code targets the daemon and the remaining code either targets a single runtime, for example the Gradle client, or is shared across multiple runtimes.

## Composition by architecture modules

Each [architecture module and platform](platforms.md) can contribute code to any of the runtimes.

import java.util.Set;

/**
 * A sorted set of contiguous values in a given {@link DiscreteDomain}. Example:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * ContiguousSet.create(Range.closed(5, 42), DiscreteDomain.integers())
 * }
 *
 * <p>Note that because bounded ranges over {@code int} and {@code long} values are so common, this
 * particular example can be written as just:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * ContiguousSet.closed(5, 42)
 * }
 *