field_info=FieldInfo(annotation=model),
            name=model.__name__,
            mode="validation",
        )
        for model in flat_validation_models
    ]
    flat_serialization_model_fields = [
        ModelField(
            field_info=FieldInfo(annotation=model),
            name=model.__name__,
            mode="serialization",
        )
        for model in flat_serialization_models
    ]

inside and make sure it is serializable as JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.

But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the...

You do that with standard modern Python types.

You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.

Just standard **Python**.

For example, for an `int`:

```Python
item_id: int
```

or for a more complex `Item` model:

```Python
item: Item
```

...and with that single declaration you get:

from collections.abc import Sequence
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable, Optional, Union

from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from fastapi.openapi.models import Example
from pydantic import AliasChoices, AliasPath
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
from typing_extensions import Literal, deprecated

from ._compat import (
    Undefined,
)

     *
     * @return the settings instance
     */
    @Nonnull
    Settings getSettings();

    /**
     * Retrieves toolchain models that have been explicitly configured.
     *
     * @return the toolchain models
     */
    @Nonnull
    Collection<ToolchainModel> getToolchains();

    /**
     * Retrieves the local repository associated with this session.
     *

    full_name = user_dict["full_name"],
    disabled = user_dict["disabled"],
    hashed_password = user_dict["hashed_password"],
)
```

/// info | 정보

`**user_dict`에 대한 자세한 설명은 [**추가 모델** 문서](../extra-models.md#about-user_indict){.internal-link target=_blank}를 다시 읽어봅시다.

///

## 토큰 반환하기

`token` 엔드포인트의 응답은 JSON 객체여야 합니다.

`token_type`이 있어야 합니다. 여기서는 "Bearer" 토큰을 사용하므로 토큰 유형은 "`bearer`"여야 합니다.

package tests_test

import (
	"context"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

// BelongsToCompany and BelongsToUser models for belongs to tests - using existing User and Company models

// Test Set + Create with Association OpCreate operation using real database
func TestClauseAssociationSetCreateWithOpCreate(t *testing.T) {
	ctx := context.Background()

                    .build();

            Document moduleADoc = Document.of(moduleAPomXml);
            Document moduleBDoc = Document.of(moduleBPomXml);

            Map<Path, Document> pomMap = new HashMap<>();
            pomMap.put(Paths.get("project", "module-a", "pom.xml"), moduleADoc);
            pomMap.put(Paths.get("project", "module-b", "pom.xml"), moduleBDoc);

#### `RequestValidationError`と`ValidationError`

/// warning | 注意

これらは今のあなたにとって重要でない場合は省略しても良い技術的な詳細です。

///

`RequestValidationError`はPydanticの<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#error-handling" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ValidationError`</a>のサブクラスです。

**FastAPI** は`response_model`でPydanticモデルを使用していて、データにエラーがあった場合、ログにエラーが表示されるようにこれを使用しています。

        fields_to_extract = get_cached_model_fields(first_field.type_)
        single_not_embedded_field = True
        # If headers are in a Pydantic model, the way to disable convert_underscores
        # would be with Header(convert_underscores=False) at the Pydantic model level
        default_convert_underscores = getattr(
            first_field.field_info, "convert_underscores", True
        )