} finally {
                    latch.countDown();
                }
            }, "ProcessCloser-output-" + sessionId).start();

            try {
                latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
                logger.warn("Interrupted to wait a process.", e);
            }
            try {

**FastAPI** 会创建一个 `BackgroundTasks` 类型的对象并作为该参数传入。

## 创建一个任务函数

创建要作为后台任务运行的函数。

它只是一个可以接收参数的标准函数。

它可以是 `async def` 或普通的 `def` 函数，**FastAPI** 知道如何正确处理。

在这种情况下，任务函数将写入一个文件（模拟发送电子邮件）。

由于写操作不使用 `async` 和 `await`，我们用普通的 `def` 定义函数：

```Python hl_lines="6-9"
{!../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

## 添加后台任务

在你的 *路径操作函数* 里，用 `.add_task()` 方法将任务函数传到 *后台任务* 对象中：

```Python hl_lines="14"

	if chainedCNIPlugin && delayedConfFile != "" {
		retry.UntilSuccessOrFail(t, func() error {
			if err := checkResult(resultFile, expectedOutputFile); err == nil {
				// We should have waited for the delayed conf
				return fmt.Errorf("did not wait for valid config file")
			}
			return nil
		}, retry.Delay(time.Millisecond), retry.Timeout(time.Millisecond*250))
		var destFilenm string

   * missRate =~ 1.0}. Cache misses include all requests which weren't cache hits, including
   * requests which resulted in either successful or failed loading attempts, and requests which
   * waited for other threads to finish loading. It is thus the case that {@code missCount >=
   * loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount}. Multiple concurrent misses for the same key will result
   * in a single load operation.
   */

   * missRate =~ 1.0}. Cache misses include all requests which weren't cache hits, including
   * requests which resulted in either successful or failed loading attempts, and requests which
   * waited for other threads to finish loading. It is thus the case that {@code missCount >=
   * loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount}. Multiple concurrent misses for the same key will result
   * in a single load operation.
   */

      Future<?> possiblyIgnoredError = executorService.submit(executeTask);
      returnValue += (int) listenerLatch.getCount();
      listenerLatch.await();
    }
    return returnValue;
  }

  @Benchmark
  int executeThenAdd_multiThreaded(final int reps) throws InterruptedException {
    Runnable addTask =
        new Runnable() {
          @Override

为你需要检查的地方用标准的Python表达式写个简单的 `assert` 语句（重申，标准的`pytest`）。

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "提示"

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

///

/// note | "技术细节"

你也可以用 `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`。

**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

В нашем примере фоновая задача будет вести запись в файл (симулируя отправку письма).

Так как операция записи не использует `async` и `await`, мы определим ее как обычную `def`:

```Python hl_lines="6-9"
{!../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Добавление фоновой задачи

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

👀 👈 🔬 🔢 😐 `def`, 🚫 `async def`.

 & 🤙 👩‍💻 😐 🤙, 🚫 ⚙️ `await`.

👉 ✔ 👆 ⚙️ `pytest` 🔗 🍵 🤢.

///

/// note | "📡 ℹ"

👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

This allows you to use `pytest` directly without complications.

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.