assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            int outerCount = 0;
            while (emptyIterator.hasNext()) {
                emptyIterator.next();
                outerCount++;

                int innerCount = 0;
                try (EmptyIterator innerIterator = new EmptyIterator()) {
                    while (innerIterator.hasNext()) {
                        innerIterator.next();

cygwin=false;
mingw=false;
case "`uname`" in
  CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
  MINGW*) mingw=true;;
esac

## resolve links - $0 may be a link to Maven's home
PRG="$0"

# need this for relative symlinks
while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    PRG="$link"
  else
    PRG="`dirname "$PRG"`/$link"
  fi
done

saveddir=`pwd`

            deflater.finish();

            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(length);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

            while (!deflater.finished()) {
                int compressedSize = deflater.deflate(buffer);
                baos.write(buffer, 0, compressedSize);
            }

            deflater.end();

     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public static int readn(final InputStream in, final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) throws IOException {
        int i = 0, n = -5;

        while (i < len) {
            n = in.read(b, off + i, len - i);
            if (n <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            i += n;
        }

        return i;
    }

    /* state values

    JAVA_HOME=`java-config --jre-home`
  fi
fi

if [ -z "$M2_HOME" ] ; then
  ## resolve links - $0 may be a link to maven's home
  PRG="$0"

  # need this for relative symlinks
  while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
    ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
    link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
    if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
      PRG="$link"
    else
      PRG="`dirname "$PRG"`/$link"
    fi
  done

     * @param size the number of hex digits to write (will be left-padded with zeros)
     */
    public static void toHexChars(int val, final char dst[], final int dstIndex, int size) {
        while (size > 0) {
            final int i = dstIndex + size - 1;
            if (i < dst.length) {
                dst[i] = HEX_DIGITS[val & 0x000F];
            }
            if (val != 0) {
                val >>>= 4;

    }

    /**
     * Tests that the getter for the input stream returns the correct stream.
     * @throws CIFSException if an error occurs while getting the stream.
     */
    @Test
    public void testGetInputStream() throws CIFSException {
        assertEquals(mockInputStream, smbPipeHandle.getInput(), "getInput() should return the correct input stream.");
    }

     */
    public static List<AvPair> decode(final byte[] data) throws CIFSException {
        final List<AvPair> pairs = new LinkedList<>();
        int pos = 0;
        boolean foundEnd = false;
        while (pos + 4 <= data.length) {
            final int avId = SMBUtil.readInt2(data, pos);
            final int avLen = SMBUtil.readInt2(data, pos + 2);
            pos += 4;

            if (avId == AvPair.MsvAvEOL) {

) : Sink by delegate {
  private var bytesWrittenSinceLastDelay = 0L

  override fun write(
    source: Buffer,
    byteCount: Long,
  ) {
    var bytesLeft = byteCount

    while (bytesLeft > 0) {
      if (bytesWrittenSinceLastDelay == bytesPerPeriod) {
        flush()
        socket.sleepWhileOpen(periodDelayNanos)
        bytesWrittenSinceLastDelay = 0
      }

* Have shared logic (the same code logic again and again).
* Share database connections.
* Enforce security, authentication, role requirements, etc.
* And many other things...

All these, while minimizing code repetition.

## First Steps { #first-steps }

Let's see a very simple example. It will be so simple that it is not very useful, for now.