```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

        assertEquals(0x1234, raf.readUnsignedShort());
        assertEquals((short) 0x1234, raf.readShort());
        assertEquals((char) 0x1234, raf.readChar());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readInt/Long/Float/Double: big-endian decoding")
    void read_multiByteVariants() throws Exception {
        SmbRandomAccessFile raf = spy(newInstance("r", false, false, false));
        // int 0x01020304
        doAnswer(inv -> {

      "input": "foo"
    }
  ]
}
```

Der Pfad-Parameter `item_id` hatte den Wert `"foo"`, was kein `int` ist.

Die gleiche Fehlermeldung würde angezeigt werden, wenn Sie ein `float` (also eine Kommazahl) statt eines `int`s übergeben würden, wie etwa in: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2</a>

/// check

## 응답 모델 인코딩 매개변수

응답 모델은 아래와 같이 기본값을 가질 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py hl[11,13:14] *}

* `description: Optional[str] = None`은 기본값으로 `None`을 갖습니다.
* `tax: float = 10.5`는 기본값으로 `10.5`를 갖습니다.
* `tags: List[str] = []` 빈 리스트의 기본값으로: `[]`.

그러나 실제로 저장되지 않았을 경우 결과에서 값을 생략하고 싶을 수 있습니다.

예를 들어, NoSQL 데이터베이스에 많은 선택적 속성이 있는 모델이 있지만, 기본값으로 가득 찬 매우 긴 JSON 응답을 보내고 싶지 않습니다.

    assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), ArbitraryInstances.get(long.class));
    assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), ArbitraryInstances.get(Long.class));
    assertEquals(Float.valueOf(0), ArbitraryInstances.get(float.class));
    assertEquals(Float.valueOf(0), ArbitraryInstances.get(Float.class));
    assertThat(ArbitraryInstances.get(double.class)).isEqualTo(Double.valueOf(0));
    assertThat(ArbitraryInstances.get(Double.class)).isEqualTo(Double.valueOf(0));

Python hat Unterstützung für optionale „Typhinweise“ (Englisch: „Type Hints“). Auch „Typ Annotationen“ genannt.

Diese **„Typhinweise“** oder -Annotationen sind eine spezielle Syntax, die es erlaubt, den <abbr title="Zum Beispiel: str, int, float, bool">Typ</abbr> einer Variablen zu deklarieren.

Durch das Deklarieren von Typen für Ihre Variablen können Editoren und Tools bessere Unterstützung bieten.

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

  static final int DEFAULT_NODE_COUNT = 10;
  static final int DEFAULT_EDGE_COUNT = DEFAULT_NODE_COUNT * EXPECTED_DEGREE;

  // Load factor and capacity for "inner" (i.e. per node/edge element) hash sets or maps
  static final float INNER_LOAD_FACTOR = 1.0f;
  static final int INNER_CAPACITY = 2; // ceiling(EXPECTED_DEGREE / INNER_LOAD_FACTOR)

  // Error messages
  static final String NODE_NOT_IN_GRAPH = "Node %s is not an element of this graph.";

            "type": "type_error.integer"
        }
    ]
}
```

devido ao parâmetro da rota `item_id` ter um valor `"foo"`, que não é um `int`.

O mesmo erro apareceria se você tivesse fornecido um `float` ao invés de um `int`, como em: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2</a>

/// check | Verifique



///