* multiset1}, with repeated occurrences of the same element appearing consecutively.
   *
   * <p>Results are undefined if {@code multiset1} and {@code multiset2} are based on different
   * equivalence relations (as {@code HashMultiset} and {@code TreeMultiset} are).
   *
   * @since 14.0
   */
  public static <E extends @Nullable Object> Multiset<E> union(

import static java.lang.Math.max;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * Static methods for implementing hash-based collections.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Jesse Wilson
 * @author Austin Appleby
 */
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class Hashing {
  private Hashing() {}

  /*

import jcifs.context.BaseContext;
import jcifs.ntlmssp.NtlmFlags;
import jcifs.ntlmssp.Type1Message;
import jcifs.ntlmssp.Type2Message;
import jcifs.ntlmssp.Type3Message;

/**
 * JcifsEngine is a NTLM Engine implementation based on JCIFS.
 *
 * @author shinsuke
 *
 */
public class JcifsEngine implements NTLMEngine {

    protected static final int TYPE_1_FLAGS = NtlmFlags.NTLMSSP_NEGOTIATE_56 | NtlmFlags.NTLMSSP_NEGOTIATE_128

}

// HorizontalPodAutoscaler is the configuration for a horizontal pod
// autoscaler, which automatically manages the replica count of any resource
// implementing the scale subresource based on the metrics specified.
message HorizontalPodAutoscaler {
  // metadata is the standard object metadata.
  // More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata

}

// HorizontalPodAutoscaler is the configuration for a horizontal pod
// autoscaler, which automatically manages the replica count of any resource
// implementing the scale subresource based on the metrics specified.
message HorizontalPodAutoscaler {
  // metadata is the standard object metadata.
  // More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata

   * input.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting static final double HASH_FLOODING_FPP = 0.001;

  /**
   * Maximum allowed length of a hash table bucket before falling back to a j.u.HashMap based
   * implementation. Experimentally determined.
   */
  static final int MAX_HASH_BUCKET_LENGTH = 8;

  // entries in insertion order
  @VisibleForTesting final transient Entry<K, V>[] entries;

	Kind     crypto.Type
	KeyID    string
	Key      []byte
	KmsCtx   kms.Context
	Checksum *hash.Checksum
	MD5Hex   string
}

// fanOutPutObject takes an input source reader and fans out multiple PUT operations
// based on the incoming fan-out request, a context cancellation by the caller
// would ensure all fan-out operations are canceled.

        if ( log.isTraceEnabled() ) {
            log.trace("No match for domain based root, checking standalone " + domain);
        }
        /*
         * We did not match a domain based root. Now try to match the
         * longest path in the list of stand-alone referrals.
         */

        CacheEntry<DfsReferralDataInternal> refs;

And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares

As **FastAPI** is based on Starlette and implements the <abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">ASGI</abbr> specification, you can use any ASGI middleware.

	rs := []rune(s)

	// According to s3 document, if startIdx < 1, it is set to 1.
	if startIdx < 1 {
		startIdx = 1
	}

	if startIdx > len(rs) {
		startIdx = len(rs) + 1
	}

	// StartIdx is 1-based in the input
	startIdx--
	endIdx := len(rs)
	if length != -1 {
		if length < 0 {
			return "", errInvalidSubstringIndexLen
		}

		if length > (endIdx - startIdx) {
			length = endIdx - startIdx