* we are interested in.
     * <p>
     * Timestamps are at seconds resolution. rev-parse --before and --after are inclusive w.r.t the second
     * passed as input. This means the results might not be deterministic in the current second, but this
     * should not matter in practice.
     */

            </ul>
          </description>
          <type>String</type>
        </field>
        <field>
          <name>provides</name>
          <version>1.0.0/1.0.99</version> <!-- fake upperbound, it's inclusive -->
          <type>DOM</type>
          <description>
            Toolchain identification information, which will be matched against project requirements.

    }
  }

  public void testParseUnsignedByteThrowsExceptionForInvalidRadix() {
    // Valid radix values are Character.MIN_RADIX to Character.MAX_RADIX,
    // inclusive.
    assertThrows(
        NumberFormatException.class,
        () -> UnsignedBytes.parseUnsignedByte("0", Character.MIN_RADIX - 1));

    assertThrows(
        NumberFormatException.class,

    }
  }

  public void testParseUnsignedByteThrowsExceptionForInvalidRadix() {
    // Valid radix values are Character.MIN_RADIX to Character.MAX_RADIX,
    // inclusive.
    assertThrows(
        NumberFormatException.class,
        () -> UnsignedBytes.parseUnsignedByte("0", Character.MIN_RADIX - 1));

    assertThrows(
        NumberFormatException.class,

        () -> UnsignedLongs.parseUnsignedLong("1234567890abcdef1", 16));
  }

  public void testParseLongThrowsExceptionForInvalidRadix() {
    // Valid radix values are Character.MIN_RADIX to Character.MAX_RADIX, inclusive.
    assertThrows(
        NumberFormatException.class,
        () -> UnsignedLongs.parseUnsignedLong("0", Character.MIN_RADIX - 1));

    assertThrows(
        NumberFormatException.class,

### Função personalizada para gerar IDs exclusivos { #custom-generate-unique-id-function }

O FastAPI usa um **ID exclusivo** para cada *operação de rota*, ele é usado para o **ID de operação** e também para os nomes de quaisquer modelos personalizados necessários, para requisições ou respostas.

   * guaranteed to be exactly +/-1 even when the data are perfectly (anti-)correlated, due to
   * numerical errors. However, it is guaranteed to be in the inclusive range [-1, +1].
   *
   * <h3>Non-finite values</h3>
   *
   * <p>If the dataset contains any non-finite values ({@link Double#POSITIVE_INFINITY}, {@link

   * guaranteed to be exactly +/-1 even when the data are perfectly (anti-)correlated, due to
   * numerical errors. However, it is guaranteed to be in the inclusive range [-1, +1].
   *
   * <h3>Non-finite values</h3>
   *
   * <p>If the dataset contains any non-finite values ({@link Double#POSITIVE_INFINITY}, {@link

                            upperInclusive = res2.isUpperBoundInclusive();
                        }
                    }

                    // don't add if they are equal and one is not inclusive
                    if (lower == null || upper == null || lower.compareTo(upper) != 0) {
                        restrictions.add(new Restriction(lower, lowerInclusive, upper, upperInclusive));

Webargs é uma ferramenta feita para fornecer isso no topo de vários frameworks, inclusive Flask.

Ele utiliza Marshmallow por baixo para a validação de dados. E foi criado pelos mesmos desenvolvedores.

É uma grande ferramenta e eu também a utilizei bastante, antes de ter o **FastAPI**.