- tutorial/request-form-models.md
    - tutorial/request-files.md
    - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
    - tutorial/handling-errors.md
    - tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
    - tutorial/encoder.md
    - tutorial/body-updates.md
    - Dependencies:
      - tutorial/dependencies/index.md
      - tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md
      - tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md

     * certificates are base64-encoded and appear each on their own line. The next line contains the
     * length of the local certificate chain. These certificates are also base64-encoded and appear
     * each on their own line. A length of -1 is used to encode a null array. The last line is
     * optional. If present, it contains the TLS version.
     */

        final byte[] mechanismListMIC = this.mechContext.calculateMIC(ml);
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("Out Mech list " + Arrays.toString(lm));
            log.debug("Out Mech list encoded " + Hexdump.toHexString(ml));
            log.debug("Out Mech list MIC " + Hexdump.toHexString(mechanismListMIC));
        }
        return mechanismListMIC;
    }

This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable as JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("byte[] ctor: top-level non-SEQUENCE triggers PACDecodingException (type mismatch)")
    void byteArrayConstructor_topLevelNotSequence_throws() throws Exception {
        // Arrange: Encoded INTEGER instead of SEQUENCE
        byte[] notASequence = new ASN1Integer(42).getEncoded();

        // Act + Assert
        assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(notASequence, null));
    }

   * @param encoded The serialized trie.
   * @param start An index in the encoded serialized trie to begin reading characters from.
   * @param builder A map builder to which all entries will be added.
   * @return The number of characters consumed from {@code encoded}.
   */
  private static int doParseTrieToBuilder(
      Deque<CharSequence> stack,
      CharSequence encoded,
      int start,

		{"   a   b  c   ", "a b c"},
		{"a \t b  c   ", "a b c"},
		{"\"a \t b  c   ", "\"a b c"},
		{" \t\n\u000b\r\fa \t\n\u000b\r\f b \t\n\u000b\r\f c \t\n\u000b\r\f", "a b c"},
	}

	// Tests generated values from url encoded name.
	for i, testCase := range testCases {
		result := signV4TrimAll(testCase.inputStr)
		if testCase.result != result {

 *
 * b0
 * --
 *
 * The inclusive start of the range. We get the first 14 bits of this code point from the section
 * and the last 7 bits from this byte.
 *
 * The end of the range is not encoded, but can be inferred by looking at the start of the range
 * that follows.
 *
 * b1
 * --
 *
 * This is either a mapping decision or the length of the mapped output, according to this table:
 *
 * ```

            // When: Encoding array
            array.encode(mockNdrBuffer);

            // Then: Should encode structure
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).align(4);
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).enc_ndr_long(1);
            verify(mockNdrBuffer).enc_ndr_referent(array.entries, 1);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode array with null entries")

        // Now test encode
        byte[] destinationBuffer = new byte[8];
        int bytesEncoded = fileInternalInfo.encode(destinationBuffer, 0);

        // Verify
        assertEquals(8, bytesEncoded);
        assertEquals(expectedIndexNumber, SMBUtil.readInt8(destinationBuffer, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test encode with buffer offset")