import sys
import types
import typing
import warnings
from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
from dataclasses import is_dataclass
from typing import (
    Annotated,
    Any,
    Union,
)

from fastapi.types import UnionType
from pydantic import BaseModel
from pydantic.version import VERSION as PYDANTIC_VERSION
from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile

To declare those types and the internal types, you can use the standard Python module `typing`. It exists specifically to support these type hints.

#### Newer versions of Python { #newer-versions-of-python }

The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 to the latest ones, including Python 3.9, Python 3.10, etc.

It will be defined in OpenAPI with `anyOf`.

To do that, use the standard Python type hint <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:

/// note

Dies wird in OpenAPI mit `anyOf` definiert.

Um das zu tun, verwenden Sie den Standard-Python-Typhinweis <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:

/// note | Hinweis

import binascii
from base64 import b64decode
from typing import Annotated, Optional

from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel
from fastapi.openapi.models import HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel
from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
from pydantic import BaseModel

Чтобы объявлять эти типы и их внутренние типы, вы можете использовать стандартный модуль Python `typing`. Он существует специально для поддержки подсказок типов.

#### Новые версии Python { #newer-versions-of-python }

Синтаксис с использованием `typing` **совместим** со всеми версиями, от Python 3.6 до самых новых, включая Python 3.9, Python 3.10 и т.д.

## `Union` 或者 `anyOf`

响应可以声明为两种类型的 `Union` 类型，即该响应可以是两种类型中的任意类型。

在 OpenAPI 中可以使用 `anyOf` 定义。

为此，请使用 Python 标准类型提示 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>：

/// note | 笔记

Он будет определён в OpenAPI как `anyOf`.

Для этого используйте стандартную аннотацию типов в Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:

/// note | Примечание

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[list, Query()] = []):
    query_items = {"q": q}

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    strange_header: Annotated[str | None, Header(convert_underscores=False)] = None,
):