MinIO's erasure coded backend uses high speed [HighwayHash](https://github.com/minio/highwayhash) checksums to protect against Bit Rot.

## How are drives used for Erasure Code?

	case BLAKE2b512:
		b2, _ := blake2b.New512(nil) // New512 never returns an error if the key is nil
		return b2
	case HighwayHash256:
		hh, _ := highwayhash.New(magicHighwayHash256Key) // New will never return error since key is 256 bit
		return hh
	case HighwayHash256S:
		hh, _ := highwayhash.New(magicHighwayHash256Key) // New will never return error since key is 256 bit
		return hh
	default:

type BitrotAlgorithm uint

const (
	// SHA256 represents the SHA-256 hash function
	SHA256 BitrotAlgorithm = 1 + iota
	// HighwayHash256 represents the HighwayHash-256 hash function
	HighwayHash256
	// HighwayHash256S represents the Streaming HighwayHash-256 hash function
	HighwayHash256S
	// BLAKE2b512 represents the BLAKE2b-512 hash function
	BLAKE2b512
)

	"io"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/highwayhash"
	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3/logger/log"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/color"
	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/internal/http"
)

// HighwayHash key for logging in anonymous mode

    "cudnn_frontend_archive",
    "cutlass_archive",
    "dlpack",
    "ducc",
    "eigen_archive",
    "farmhash_archive",
    "farmhash_gpu_archive",
    "gemmlowp",
    "gloo",
    "highwayhash",
    "hwloc",
    "implib_so",
    "llvm-raw",
    "llvm_openmp",
    "mkl_dnn_acl_compatible",
    "ml_dtypes_py",
    "mpitrampoline",
    "nanobind",
    "nasm",
    "nvshmem",

	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	elasticsearch7 "github.com/elastic/go-elasticsearch/v7"
	"github.com/minio/highwayhash"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/event"
	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/internal/http"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/logger"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/once"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/store"

	github.com/minio/cli v1.24.2
	github.com/minio/console v1.7.7-0.20250905210349-2017f33b26e1
	github.com/minio/csvparser v1.0.0
	github.com/minio/dnscache v0.1.1
	github.com/minio/dperf v0.6.3
	github.com/minio/highwayhash v1.0.3
	github.com/minio/kms-go/kes v0.3.1
	github.com/minio/kms-go/kms v0.5.1-0.20250225090116-4e64ce8d0f35
	github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3 v3.0.109
	github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 v7.0.91
	github.com/minio/mux v1.9.2

github.com/minio/filepath v1.0.0/go.mod h1:/nRZA2ldl5z6jT9/KQuvZcQlxZIMQoFFQPvEXx9T/Bw=
github.com/minio/highwayhash v1.0.2/go.mod h1:BQskDq+xkJ12lmlUUi7U0M5Swg3EWR+dLTk+kldvVxY=
github.com/minio/highwayhash v1.0.3 h1:kbnuUMoHYyVl7szWjSxJnxw11k2U709jqFPPmIUyD6Q=
github.com/minio/highwayhash v1.0.3/go.mod h1:GGYsuwP/fPD6Y9hMiXuapVvlIUEhFhMTh0rxU3ik1LQ=
github.com/minio/kms-go/kes v0.3.1 h1:K3sPFAvFbJx33XlCTUBnQo8JRmSZyDvT6T2/MQ2iC3A=

}

// ChecksumAlgo defines common type of different checksum algorithms
type ChecksumAlgo uint8

// List of currently supported checksum algorithms
const (
	invalidChecksumAlgo ChecksumAlgo = 0
	HighwayHash         ChecksumAlgo = 1
	lastChecksumAlgo    ChecksumAlgo = 2
)

func (e ChecksumAlgo) valid() bool {
	return e > invalidChecksumAlgo && e < lastChecksumAlgo
}

	"time"
	"unicode/utf8"

	"github.com/google/uuid"
	"github.com/klauspost/compress/zip"
	"github.com/klauspost/filepathx"
	"github.com/klauspost/reedsolomon"
	"github.com/minio/cli"
	"github.com/minio/highwayhash"
	"github.com/tinylib/msgp/msgp"
)

func main() {
	app := cli.NewApp()
	app.Copyright = "MinIO, Inc."
	app.Usage = "xl.meta to JSON"
	app.HideVersion = true
	app.CustomAppHelpTemplate = `NAME: