The `name` parameter is **still required** (not *optional*) because it doesn't have a default value. Still, `name` accepts `None` as the value:

```Python
say_hi(name=None)  # This works, None is valid 🎉
```

The good news is, once you are on Python 3.10 you won't have to worry about that, as you will be able to simply use `|` to define unions of types:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py hl[1,4] *}

 *
 * <p>{@code containsKey(k)}, {@code put(k, v)} and {@code remove(k)} are all (expected and
 * amortized) constant time operations. Expected in the hashtable sense (depends on the hash
 * function doing a good job of distributing the elements to the buckets to a distribution not far
 * from uniform), and amortized since some operations can trigger a hash table resize.
 *

この場合、以下にアクセスすると:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on
```

もしくは、

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes
```

 *
 * <pre>
 * new SmbNamedPipe("smb://server/IPC$/PIPE/foo", SmbNamedPipe.PIPE_TYPE_RDWR | SmbNamedPipe.PIPE_TYPE_CALL, context);
 * </pre>
 *
 * </td>
 * <td>
 * Open the Named Pipe foo for reading and writing. The pipe will behave like the <code>CallNamedPipe</code> interface.
 * </td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <td >
 *
 * <pre>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<foo xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
	<xi:include href="/included.xml"/>

):
    return {"file_contents": files, "city": city}


client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.fixture
def tmp_file_1(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
    f = tmp_path / "example1.txt"
    f.write_text("foo")
    return f


@pytest.fixture
def tmp_file_2(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
    f = tmp_path / "example2.txt"
    f.write_text("bar")
    return f

В этом случае **FastAPI** будет ожидать тело запроса в формате:

```JSON hl_lines="2"
{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    }
}
```

вместо этого:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "The pretender",
    "price": 42.0,
    "tax": 3.2
}
```

## Резюме { #recap }

    private
    fun someClasses(): Sequence<Path> {
        val directory = projectDir.resolve("classes")

        touchFile(directory.resolve("com/acme/Foo.class"))
        touchFile(directory.resolve("com/acme/internal/FooInternal.class"))
        touchFile(directory.resolve("com/foo/internal/FooInternal.class"))
        touchFile(directory.resolve("javax/servlet/http/HttpServletRequest.class"))

		formats: FormatUSTAR | FormatPAX | FormatGNU,
	}, {
		header:  &Header{Xattrs: map[string]string{"foo": "bar"}},
		paxHdrs: map[string]string{paxSchilyXattr + "foo": "bar"},
		formats: FormatPAX,
	}, {
		header:  &Header{Xattrs: map[string]string{"foo": "bar"}, Format: FormatGNU},
		paxHdrs: map[string]string{paxSchilyXattr + "foo": "bar"},
		formats: FormatUnknown,
	}, {

app.include_router(router, prefix="/{segment}")


client = TestClient(app)


def test_get():
    response = client.get("/seg/users/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text