return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>Oder verwenden Sie <code>async def</code> ...</summary>

Wenn Ihr Code `async` / `await` verwendet, benutzen Sie `async def`:

```Python hl_lines="9  14"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():

def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = Optional[None]):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>Oppure usa <code>async def</code>...</summary>

Se il tuo codice usa `async` / `await`, allora usa `async def`:

```Python hl_lines="7  12"
from fastapi import FastAPI
from typing import Optional

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():

    if (!listRead.get() && listRead.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
      readTheListUninterruptibly()
    } else {
      try {
        readCompleteLatch.await()
      } catch (_: InterruptedException) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt() // Retain interrupted status.
      }
    }

    check(::publicSuffixListBytes.isInitialized) {

* audit.k8s.io api group is upgraded from v1beta1 to v1. ([#65891](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/65891), [@CaoShuFeng](https://github.com/CaoShuFeng))
    * Deprecated element metav1.ObjectMeta and Timestamp are removed from audit Events in v1 version.
    * Default value of option --audit-webhook-version and --audit-log-version will be changed from `audit.k8s.io/v1beta1` to `audit.k8s.io/v1` in release 1.13

bernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.13/#tokenreview-v1-authentication-k8s-io) for the new tokens for improved scoping. Under audit logging, the new alpha-level "dynamic audit configuration" adds support for [dynamically registering webhooks to receive a stream of audit events](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug/debug-cluster/audit/#webhook-backend). Finally, we've enhanced secrets protection by graduating [etcd encryption](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/encrypt-data/)...

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "豆知識"

テスト関数は `async def` ではなく、通常の `def` であることに注意してください。

また、クライアントへの呼び出しも通常の呼び出しであり、`await` を使用しません。

これにより、煩雑にならずに、`pytest` を直接使用できます。

///

/// note | "技術詳細"

`from starlette.testclient import TestClient` も使用できます。

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>または<code>async def</code>を使います...</summary>

`async` / `await`を使用するときは、 `async def`を使います:

```Python hl_lines="7 12"
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}

          object : WebSocketListener() {
            override fun onOpen(
              webSocket: WebSocket,
              response: Response,
            ) {
              try {
                latch.await() // The server can't respond to pings!
              } catch (e: InterruptedException) {
                throw AssertionError(e)
              }
            }
          },
        )
        .build(),
    )

It doesn't matter. **FastAPI** will know what to do.

/// note

If you don't know, check the [Async: *"In a hurry?"*](../../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank} section about `async` and `await` in the docs.

///

## Integrated with OpenAPI

All the request declarations, validations and requirements of your dependencies (and sub-dependencies) will be integrated in the same OpenAPI schema.

def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">
<summary>또는 <code>async def</code> 사용하기...</summary>

여러분의 코드가 `async` / `await`을 사용한다면, `async def`를 사용하십시오.

```Python hl_lines="9 14"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
async def read_root():