For example:

```Python
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareA)
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareB)
```

This results in the following execution order:

* **Request**: MiddlewareB → MiddlewareA → route

* **Response**: route → MiddlewareA → MiddlewareB

This stacking behavior ensures that middlewares are executed in a predictable and controllable order.

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

        super(indexSettings, name, settings);
        this.ignoreCase = settings.getAsBoolean("ignore_case", false);
        this.removeTrailing = settings.getAsBoolean("remove_trailing", true);
        this.stopWords =
                Analysis.parseWords(env, settings, "stopwords", JapaneseAnalyzer.getDefaultStopSet(), NAMED_STOP_WORDS, ignoreCase);
    }

/*
 * © 2016 AgNO3 Gmbh & Co. KG
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  private final Equivalence<T> resultEquivalence;

  FunctionalEquivalence(
      Function<? super F, ? extends @Nullable T> function, Equivalence<T> resultEquivalence) {
    this.function = checkNotNull(function);
    this.resultEquivalence = checkNotNull(resultEquivalence);
  }

  @Override
  protected boolean doEquivalent(F a, F b) {
    return resultEquivalence.equivalent(function.apply(a), function.apply(b));
  }

    util.concurrent, like nearly all our packages, has two .gwt.xml files: one
    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

         * @param roles the user roles
         */
        protected OpenIdUser(final String name, final String[] groups, final String[] roles) {
            this.name = name;
            this.groups = groups;
            this.roles = roles;
        }

        @Override
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        @Override