import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial005_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial005_an_py39"),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(
        f"docs_src.query_params_str_validations.{request.param}"
    )

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client

    )

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


def test_query_params_str_validations_no_query(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}


def test_query_params_str_validations_item_query_fixedquery(client: TestClient):

from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

router = APIRouter()

sub_router = APIRouter()

app = FastAPI()


@sub_router.get("/")
def read_item():
    return {"id": "foo"}


router.include_router(sub_router, prefix="/items")

app.include_router(router)

client = TestClient(app)


def test_path_operation():
    response = client.get("/items/")

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from docs_src.behind_a_proxy.tutorial004_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI(openapi_prefix="/api/v1")


@app.get("/app")
def read_main(request: Request):
    return {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": request.scope.get("root_path")}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

///

/// note | 技术细节

你也可以用 `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`。

**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

///

/// tip | 提示

除了发送请求之外，如果你还想测试时在FastAPI应用中调用 `async` 函数（例如异步数据库函数）， 可以在高级教程中看下 [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 。

///

## 分离测试

在实际应用中，你可能会把你的测试放在另一个文件里。

    )

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


def test_query_params_str_validations_no_query(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}


def test_query_params_str_validations_q_fixedquery(client: TestClient):

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class ResponseModel(BaseModel):
    code: int = 200
    message: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: "Successful operation.")


@app.get(
    "/response_model_has_default_factory_return_dict",
    response_model=ResponseModel,
)
async def response_model_has_default_factory_return_dict():

import importlib

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from tests.utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py310", marks=[needs_py310]),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py310", marks=[needs_py310]),
    ],
)

import importlib

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(
    name="app",
    params=[
        "tutorial002_py39",
        "tutorial002_an_py39",
    ],
)
def get_app(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.request_files.{request.param}")

    return mod.app


@pytest.fixture(name="client")