val url = server.url("/").toUrl()
    val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
    assertThat(connection.responseCode).isEqualTo(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
    val refusedConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
    assertFailsWith<ConnectException> {
      refusedConnection.responseCode
    }.also { expected ->
      assertThat(expected.message!!).contains("refused")
    }
  }

  @Test

    "field (e.g. Union[Response, dict, None]) you can disable generating the "
    "response model from the type annotation with the path operation decorator "
    "parameter response_model=None. Read more: "
    "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/"
)


def create_model_field(
    name: str,
    type_: Any,
    class_validators: Optional[dict[str, Validator]] = None,

    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.response_model.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


def test_post_user(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/user/",
        json={

    access_token = create_access_token(
        data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
    )
    return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")


@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
    current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
    return current_user


@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(

        expires_delta=access_token_expires,
    )
    return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")


@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
    current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
    return current_user


@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(

        expires_delta=access_token_expires,
    )
    return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer")


@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
async def read_users_me(
    current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)],
):
    return current_user


@app.get("/users/me/items/")
async def read_own_items(

source = [
    "docs_src",
    "tests",
    "fastapi"
]
relative_files = true
context = '${CONTEXT}'
dynamic_context = "test_function"
omit = [
    "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py39.py",
    "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py",
    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py",  # difficult to mock
    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial013_an_py310.py",  # temporary code example?

    events: list[MessageEvent] = []


class Message(BaseModel):
    input: str
    output: MessageOutput


app = FastAPI(title="Minimal FastAPI App", version="1.0.0")


@app.post("/messages", response_model=Message)
async def create_message(input_message: str) -> Message:
    return Message(
        input=input_message,
        output=MessageOutput(body=f"Processed: {input_message}"),
    )

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py hl[1,14:15,18:20,33] *}

### `Union` in Python 3.10 { #union-in-python-3-10 }

In diesem Beispiel übergeben wir `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` als Wert des Arguments `response_model`.

Da wir es als **Wert an ein Argument übergeben**, anstatt es in einer **Typannotation** zu verwenden, müssen wir `Union` verwenden, sogar in Python 3.10.

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py hl[1,14:15,18:20,33] *}

### `Union` в Python 3.10 { #union-in-python-3-10 }

В этом примере мы передаём `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` в качестве значения аргумента `response_model`.

Поскольку мы передаём его как **значение аргумента** вместо того, чтобы поместить его в **аннотацию типа**, нам придётся использовать `Union` даже в Python 3.10.