There are some situations in where it's useful to be able to add custom headers to the HTTP error. For example, for some types of security.

You probably won't need to use it directly in your code.

But in case you needed it for an advanced scenario, you can add custom headers:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002_py39.py hl[14] *}

## Install custom exception handlers { #install-custom-exception-handlers }

특히 사용자 모델의 경우에 그러한데, 왜냐하면:

* **입력 모델** 은 비밀번호를 가져야 합니다.
* **출력 모델** 은 비밀번호를 가지면 안됩니다.
* **데이터베이스 모델** 은 해시처리된 비밀번호를 가질 것입니다.

/// danger | 위험

절대 사용자의 비밀번호를 평문으로 저장하지 마세요. 항상 이후에 검증 가능한 "안전한 해시(secure hash)"로 저장하세요.

만약 이게 무엇인지 모르겠다면, [security chapters](security/simple-oauth2.md#password-hashing){.internal-link target=_blank}.에서 비밀번호 해시에 대해 배울 수 있습니다.

///

## 다중 모델

   */
  public void testTestEqualsEqualsObjects() {
    equalsTester.addEqualityGroup(reference, equalObject1, equalObject2);
    equalsTester.testEquals();
  }

  /** Test proper handling of case where an object is not equal to itself */
  public void testNonReflexiveEquals() {
    Object obj = new NonReflexiveObject();
    equalsTester.addEqualityGroup(obj);
    try {
      equalsTester.testEquals();

@REM   MAVEN_SKIP_RC     (Optional) Flag to disable loading of mavenrc files.
@REM -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

@REM Begin all REM lines with '@' in case MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO is 'on'
@echo off
@REM set title of command window
title %0
@REM enable echoing by setting MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO to 'on'
@if "%MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO%"=="on" echo %MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO%

}

// Reader to read random data.
type netperfReader struct {
	n   uint64
	eof chan struct{}
	buf []byte
}

func (m *netperfReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
	select {
	case <-m.eof:
		return 0, io.EOF
	default:
	}
	n := copy(b, m.buf)
	atomic.AddUint64(&m.n, uint64(n))
	return n, nil
}

func netperf(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration) madmin.NetperfNodeResult {

The `string()` method on response body is convenient and efficient for small documents. But if the response body is large (greater than 1 MiB), avoid `string()` because it will load the entire document into memory. In that case, prefer to process the body as a stream.

=== ":material-language-kotlin: Kotlin"
    ```kotlin
      private val client = OkHttpClient()

      fun run() {
        val request = Request.Builder()

   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@code stream.filter(type::isInstance).map(type::cast)}.
   * This does perform a little more work than necessary, so another option is to insert an
   * unchecked cast at some later point:
   *
   * {@snippet :
   * @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // safe because of ::isInstance check
   * ImmutableList<NewType> result =

  fun checkLowercase(name: ByteString): ByteString {
    for (i in 0 until name.size) {
      if (name[i] in 'A'.code.toByte()..'Z'.code.toByte()) {
        throw IOException("PROTOCOL_ERROR response malformed: mixed case name: ${name.utf8()}")
      }
    }
    return name
  }

	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/amztime"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/bucket/lifecycle"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/event"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/hash"
	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/internal/http"
)

var etagRegex = regexp.MustCompile("\"*?([^\"]*?)\"*?$")

// Validates the preconditions for CopyObjectPart, returns true if CopyObjectPart

   * authenticator. This gives the authenticator the option to customize the CONNECT request. It can
   * decline to do so by returning null, in which case OkHttp will use it as-is.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  private fun createTunnelRequest(route: Route): Request {
    val proxyConnectRequest =
      Request
        .Builder()