### `Query`のインポート

そのために、まずは`fastapi`から`Query`をインポートします:

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```

## デフォルト値として`Query`を使用

パラメータのデフォルト値として使用し、パラメータ`max_length`を50に設定します:

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```

デフォルト値`None`を`Query(default=None)`に置き換える必要があるので、`Query`の最初の引数はデフォルト値を定義するのと同じです。

なので:

```Python

🏭 👆 🔜 ✔️ 1️⃣ 🎛 🔛.

✋️ ⚫️ 🙅 🌌 🎯 🔛 💽-🚄 *️⃣ & ✔️ 👷 🖼:

```Python hl_lines="2  6-38  41-43"
{!../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```

## ✍ `websocket`

👆 **FastAPI** 🈸, ✍ `websocket`:

```Python hl_lines="1  46-47"
{!../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "📡 ℹ"

👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket`.

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.header_params.tutorial002 import app

client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", None, 200, {"strange_header": None}),
        ("/items", {"X-Header": "notvalid"}, 200, {"strange_header": None}),
        (
            "/items",

///

## Dataclasses em `response_model`

Você também pode usar `dataclasses` no parâmetro `response_model`:

```Python hl_lines="1  7-13  19"
{!../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py!}
```

A dataclass será automaticamente convertida para uma dataclass Pydantic.

Dessa forma, seu esquema aparecerá na interface de documentação da API:

<img src="/img/tutorial/dataclasses/image01.png">

```Python hl_lines="15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23"
{!../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!}
```

その追加情報はそのまま出力され、JSON Schemaに追加されます。

## `Field`の追加引数

後述する`Field`、`Path`、`Query`、`Body`などでは、任意の引数を関数に渡すことでJSON Schemaの追加情報を宣言することもできます:

```Python hl_lines="4 10 11 12 13"
{!../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// warning | "注意"

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.behind_a_proxy.tutorial002 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

//// tab | Python 3.8+ без Annotated

/// tip | "Подсказка"

Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно.

///

```Python hl_lines="10"
{!> ../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

/// warning | "Внимание"

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert

/// tip | "Tipp"

Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich.

///

```Python hl_lines="10"
{!> ../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

/// warning | "Achtung"

Bevor Sie `convert_underscores` auf `False` setzen, bedenken Sie, dass manche HTTP-Proxys und Server die Verwendung von Headern mit Unterstrichen nicht erlauben.

import os
from pathlib import Path

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.background_tasks.tutorial002 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test():
    log = Path("log.txt")
    if log.is_file():
        os.remove(log)  # pragma: no cover
    response = client.post("/send-notification/******@****.***?q=some-query")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

Und dann können Sie Header in diesem *vorübergehenden* Response-Objekt festlegen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!}
```

Anschließend können Sie wie gewohnt jedes gewünschte Objekt zurückgeben (ein `dict`, ein Datenbankmodell, usw.).