* @param buffer where to add the transferred elements
   * @param numElements the number of elements to be waited for
   * @param timeout how long to wait before giving up, in units of {@code unit}
   * @param unit a {@code TimeUnit} determining how to interpret the timeout parameter
   * @return the number of elements transferred
   * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting
   */

      codePoint.toChar() in encodeSet ||
      codePoint == '%'.code &&
      (!alreadyEncoded || strict && !isPercentEncoded(i, limit)) ||
      codePoint == '+'.code &&
      plusIsSpace
    ) {
      // Slow path: the character at i requires encoding!
      val out = Buffer()
      out.writeUtf8(this, pos, i)
      out.writeCanonicalized(
        input = this,
        pos = i,
        limit = limit,

# Tutorial - User Guide { #tutorial-user-guide }

This tutorial shows you how to use **FastAPI** with most of its features, step by step.

Each section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs.

It is also built to work as a future reference so you can come back and see exactly what you need.

## Run the code { #run-the-code }

There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.

You can import them from `fastapi.security`:

```python
from fastapi.security import (
    APIKeyCookie,
    APIKeyHeader,

All these dependencies, while declaring their requirements, also add parameters, validations, etc. to your *path operations*.

	SHLW $7, DX, (BX)                       // 660fa41307
	SHLW $7, R11, (BX)                      // 66440fa41b07
	SHLW $7, DX, (R11)                      // 66410fa41307
	SHLW $7, R11, (R11)                     // 66450fa41b07
	SHLW $7, DX, DX                         // 660fa4d207
	SHLW $7, R11, DX                        // 66440fa4da07
	SHLW $7, DX, R11                        // 66410fa4d307

      UnsignedLong unsignedValue = UnsignedLong.fromLongBits(value);
      assertThat(unsignedValue.toString()).isEqualTo(unsignedValue.bigIntegerValue().toString());
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // too slow
  public void testToStringRadix() {
    for (int radix = Character.MIN_RADIX; radix <= Character.MAX_RADIX; radix++) {
      for (long l : TEST_LONGS) {
        UnsignedLong value = UnsignedLong.fromLongBits(l);

    button and auto-reload, tooltips in scalar charts, run filtering, stable
    colors
*   Tensorboard graph visualizer now supports run metadata. Clicking on nodes
    while viewing a stats for a particular run will show runtime statistics,
    such as memory or compute usage. Unused nodes will be faded out.

## Thanks to our Contributors

This release contains contributions from many people at Google, as well as:

          }
        }
      }
    ```

### Customizing Trusted Certificates ([.kt][CustomTrustKotlin], [.java][CustomTrustJava])

The full code sample shows how to replace the host platform’s certificate authorities with your own set. As above, **do not use custom certificates without the blessing of your server’s TLS administrator!**

=== ":material-language-kotlin: Kotlin"

class Product(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


class Shop(BaseModel):
    name: str


@app.post("/products")
async def create_product(data: Product = Body(media_type=media_type, embed=True)):
    pass  # pragma: no cover


@app.post("/shops")
async def create_shop(
    data: Shop = Body(media_type=media_type),
    included: list[Product] = Body(default=[], media_type=media_type),
):