* transitions form a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_acyclic_graph">DAG</a>,
 * therefore every method of the listener will be called at most once. N.B. The {@link State#FAILED}
 * and {@link State#TERMINATED} states are terminal states, once a service enters either of these
 * states it cannot ever leave them.
 *

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 * ```
 */
fun interface Interceptor {
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun intercept(chain: Chain): Response

  companion object {
    /**
     * Constructs an interceptor for a lambda. This compact syntax is most useful for inline
     * interceptors.
     *
     * ```kotlin
     * val interceptor = Interceptor { chain: Interceptor.Chain ->
     *     chain.proceed(chain.request())
     * }
     * ```
     */

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@link MapIteratorCache} that adds additional caching. In addition to the caching provided by
 * {@link MapIteratorCache}, this structure caches values for the two most recently retrieved keys.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 */
final class MapRetrievalCache<K, V> extends MapIteratorCache<K, V> {
  // See the note about volatile in the superclass.

      refreshIfEmpty();
      return delegate.size();
    }

    @Override
    /*
     * Most Multimap implementations use a List or Set (or even Multiset) for their values, in which
     * case Multimap equality works as expected. Users who use a Collection type that does not
     * implement equals(), such as most Queue implementations, will get the same behavior from our

  private final Object lock = new Object();

  /** We will keep a private list of all logged records */
  @GuardedBy("lock")
  private final List<LogRecord> list = new ArrayList<>();

  /** Adds the most recently logged record to our list. */
  @Override
  public void publish(@Nullable LogRecord record) {
    synchronized (lock) {
      if (record != null) {
        list.add(record);
      }
    }
  }

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `status`.

///

## OpenAPI and API docs { #openapi-and-api-docs }

        assertEquals((byte) 0xCD, bufferData[startIndex + alignmentBytes], "Least significant byte should be first");
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, bufferData[startIndex + alignmentBytes + 1], "Most significant byte should be second");
    }

    /**
     * When given a buffer with sufficient length, decode performs
     * the inverse of encode.
     */
    @Test

Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.

The hierarchy is like:

* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server
    * **Starlette**: (uses Uvicorn) a web microframework

///

## Automatic conversion { #automatic-conversion }

`Header` has a little extra functionality on top of what `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie` provide.

Most of the standard headers are separated by a "hyphen" character, also known as the "minus symbol" (`-`).

But a variable like `user-agent` is invalid in Python.