assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Incorrect username or password"}


def test_no_token(mod: ModuleType):
    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal")
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Union[Response, dict]:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

client = TestClient(app)


def test_redirect_status_code():
    response = client.get("/pydantic", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 302
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://docs.pydantic.dev/"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},

{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."}

```

/// note | 技术细节

`from starlette.requests import Request` 和 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` 也可以用于导入 `Request` 和 `JSONResponse`。

**FastAPI** 提供了与 `starlette.responses` 相同的 `fastapi.responses` 作为快捷方式，但大部分响应操作都可以直接从 Starlette 导入。同理，`Request` 也是如此。

///

## 覆盖默认异常处理器

**FastAPI** 自带了一些默认异常处理器。

    assert response.headers["Content-Encoding"] == "gzip"
    assert int(response.headers["Content-Length"]) < 4000
    response = client.get("/")

    test_read_main()


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

## `GZipMiddleware` { #gzipmiddleware }

Verarbeitet GZip-Responses für alle Requests, die `"gzip"` im `Accept-Encoding`-Header enthalten.

Diese Middleware verarbeitet sowohl Standard- als auch Streaming-Responses.

def test_get_items():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == ["Portal gun", "Plumbus"]


def test_get_users():
    response = client.get("/users/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == ["Rick", "Morty"]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal", response_model=None)
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response | dict:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")