from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str | None = None
    description: str | None = None
    price: float | None = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},

어떤 이유로 코드에서 `|`를 사용할 수 없다면, 예를 들어 타입 어노테이션이 아니라 `response_model=` 같은 곳이라면, 파이프 문자(`|`) 대신 `typing`의 `Union`을 사용할 수 있습니다.

예를 들어, 어떤 값이 `str` 또는 `None`이 될 수 있다고 선언할 수 있습니다:

```python
from typing import Union


def say_hi(name: Union[str, None]):
        print(f"Hi {name}!")
```

`typing`에는 `None`이 될 수 있음을 선언하는 축약형으로 `Optional`도 있습니다.

아주 개인적인 관점에서의 팁입니다:

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class FormModel(BaseModel):
    username: str
    lastname: str
    age: int | None = None
    tags: list[str] = ["foo", "bar"]
    alias_with: str = Field(alias="with", default="nothing")


class FormModelExtraAllow(BaseModel):
    param: str

    model_config = {"extra": "allow"}


@app.post("/form/")

    return {"file_size": p.size}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    [
        "/required-bytes",
        "/required-uploadfile",
    ],
)
def test_required_schema(path: str):
    openapi = app.openapi()
    body_model_name = get_body_model_name(openapi, path)

    assert app.openapi()["components"]["schemas"][body_model_name] == {
        "properties": {
            "p": {

from collections.abc import AsyncIterable

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.sse import EventSourceResponse, ServerSentEvent
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


items = [
    Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.99),
    Item(name="Portal Gun", price=999.99),
    Item(name="Meeseeks Box", price=49.99),
]

def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except InternalError:
        print("Oops, we didn't raise again, Britney 😱")


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":
        raise InternalError(
            f"The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by {username}"
        )
    if item_id != "plumbus":

from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Invoice(BaseModel):
    id: str
    title: str | None = None
    customer: str
    total: float


class InvoiceEvent(BaseModel):
    description: str
    paid: bool


class InvoiceEventReceived(BaseModel):
    ok: bool


invoices_callback_router = APIRouter()


@invoices_callback_router.post(

def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except OwnerError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Owner error: {e}")


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: str = Depends(get_username)):
    if item_id not in data:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    item = data[item_id]
    if item["owner"] != username:
        raise OwnerError(username)

    "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"},
}

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    title: str
    description: str | None = None


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header()):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/file_before_form")
def file_before_form(
    file: bytes = File(),
    city: str = Form(),
):
    return {"file_content": file, "city": city}


@app.post("/file_after_form")
def file_after_form(
    city: str = Form(),
    file: bytes = File(),
):
    return {"file_content": file, "city": city}


@app.post("/file_list_before_form")