```

/// warning | "注意"

上記の例のように `Response` を明示的に返す場合、それは直接返されます。

モデルなどはシリアライズされません。

必要なデータが含まれていることや、値が有効なJSONであること (`JSONResponse` を使う場合) を確認してください。

///

/// note | "技術詳細"

`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` を利用することもできます。

**FastAPI** は `fastapi.responses` と同じ `starlette.responses` を、開発者の利便性のために提供しています。しかし有効なレスポンスはほとんどStarletteから来ています。 `status` についても同じです。

///

    ],
)
def test(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response):
    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    assert err.value.errors() == [
        {
            "loc": ("response", "name"),
            "msg": "name must end in A",
            "type": "value_error",
        }
    ]


@needs_pydanticv1
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    client = TestClient(app, cookies=cookies)
    response = client.get(path)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema():
    from docs_src.cookie_params.tutorial001_an_py310 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros:

```Python hl_lines="3-4  9-11  22"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!}
```

/// note | "Detalhes Técnicos"

Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`.

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal")
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response | dict:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse, RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal")
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

client = TestClient(app)


def test_post_user():
    response = client.post(
        "/user/",
        json={
            "username": "foo",
            "password": "fighter",
            "email": "******@****.***",
            "full_name": "Grave Dohl",
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "username": "foo",
        "email": "******@****.***",