然后，依赖项函数返回包含这些值的 `dict`。

### 导入 `Depends`

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
```

### 声明依赖项

与在*路径操作函数*参数中使用 `Body`、`Query` 的方式相同，声明依赖项需要使用 `Depends` 和一个新的参数：

```Python hl_lines="15  20"
{!../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
```

虽然，在路径操作函数的参数中使用 `Depends` 的方式与 `Body`、`Query` 相同，但 `Depends` 的工作方式略有不同。

这里只能传给 Depends 一个参数。

且该参数必须是可调用对象，比如函数。

from functools import lru_cache

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from typing_extensions import Annotated

from .config import Settings

app = FastAPI()


@lru_cache
def get_settings():
    return Settings()


@app.get("/info")
async def info(settings: Annotated[Settings, Depends(get_settings)]):
    return {
        "app_name": settings.app_name,
        "admin_email": settings.admin_email,

from functools import lru_cache
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

from . import config

app = FastAPI()


@lru_cache
def get_settings():
    return config.Settings()


@app.get("/info")
async def info(settings: Annotated[config.Settings, Depends(get_settings)]):
    return {
        "app_name": settings.app_name,
        "admin_email": settings.admin_email,

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class FixedContentQueryChecker:
    def __init__(self, fixed_content: str):
        self.fixed_content = fixed_content

    def __call__(self, q: str = ""):
        if q:
            return self.fixed_content in q
        return False


checker = FixedContentQueryChecker("bar")


@app.get("/query-checker/")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


CommonsDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: CommonsDep):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class InternalError(Exception):
    pass


def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except InternalError:
        print("Oops, we didn't raise again, Britney 😱")


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


def write_log(message: str):
    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
        log.write(message)


def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str | None = None):
    if q:
        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
    return q

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")

```Python hl_lines="15  20"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

`Depends` работает немного иначе. Вы передаёте в `Depends` одиночный параметр, который будет похож на функцию.

Вы **не вызываете его** на месте (не добавляете скобочки в конце: 👎 *your_best_func()*👎), просто передаёте как параметр в `Depends()`.

И потом функция берёт параметры так же, как *функция обработки пути*.

/// tip | "Подсказка"