import java.util.Arrays;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;

You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.

But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs.

Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.

In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.

* 經過縝密的研究後圍繞這些標準進行設計，而不是事後在已有系統上附加的一層功能。
* 這也讓我們在多種語言中可以使用自動**用戶端程式碼生成**。

### 能夠自動生成文件

FastAPI 能生成互動式 API 文件和探索性的 Web 使用者介面。由於該框架基於 OpenAPI，因此有多種選擇，預設提供了兩種。

* <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Swagger UI</strong></a> 提供互動式探索，讓你可以直接從瀏覽器呼叫並測試你的 API 。

![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)

	"io"
	"log"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7"
	cr "github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/credentials"
)

var (
	// Minio endpoint (for STS API)
	stsEndpoint string

	// User account credentials
	minioUsername string
	minioPassword string

	// Display credentials flag
	displayCreds bool

	// Credential expiry duration

 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.io;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import com.google.caliper.api.VmOptions;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

<img src="/img/tutorial/separate-openapi-schemas/image02.png">
</div>

Esto significa que **siempre tendrá un valor**, solo que a veces el valor podría ser `None` (o `null` en JSON).

Eso significa que, los clientes que usan tu API no tienen que comprobar si el valor existe o no, pueden **asumir que el campo siempre estará allí**, pero solo que en algunos casos tendrá el valor por defecto de `None`.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package okhttp3.slack;

import java.util.List;
import okhttp3.HttpUrl;

/** See https://api.slack.com/methods/rtm.start. */
public final class RtmStartResponse {
  HttpUrl url;
  Object self;
  Object team;
  List<Object> users;
  List<Object> channels;
  List<Object> groups;
  List<Object> mpims;

 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

/**
 * Maven Plugin Annotations.
 */

 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

/**
 * Maven Repository Metadata model.
 */

TypeError(`No method named "${t}"`);s[t]()}}))}}F.on(document,"click.bs.collapse.data-api",_t,(function(t){("A"===t.target.tagName||t.delegateTarget&&"A"===t.delegateTarget.tagName)&&t.preventDefault();for(const t of K.getMultipleElementsFromSelector(this))mt.getOrCreateInstance(t,{toggle:!1}).toggle()})),b(mt);const pt="dropdown",bt="ArrowUp",vt="ArrowDown",yt="click.bs.dropdown.data-api",wt="keydown.bs.dropdown.data-api",At="show",Et='[data-bs-toggle="dropdown"]:not(.disabled):not(:disabled)',Ct=`${...