assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(1, 4));
  }

  /*
   * Whenever an implementation uses `instanceof` on a parameter instance, the test has to know that
   * (so much for "black box") and try instances that both do and don't pass the check. The "don't"
   * half of that is more awkward to arrange...
   */
  private static <T> Iterable<T> iterable(Collection<T> collection) {

* Only use the first IP address got from instance metadata. This is because Azure CNI would set up a list of IP addresses in instance metadata, while only the first one is the Node's IP. ([#71736](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/71736), [@feiskyer](https://github.com/feiskyer))

  static final String ERROR_SELF_LOOP = "self-loops are not allowed";
  static final String ERROR_ADDED_SELF_LOOP = "Should not be allowed to add a self-loop edge.";

  /** Creates and returns an instance of the graph to be tested. */
  abstract Graph<Integer> createGraph();

  /**
   * A proxy method that adds the node {@code n} to the graph being tested. In case of Immutable

/**
 * Caches HTTP and HTTPS responses to the filesystem so they may be reused, saving time and
 * bandwidth.
 *
 * The Cache instance must have exclusive access to the [directory], since the internal data structures
 * may cause corruption or runtime errors if not. It may however be shared amongst multiple OkHttpClient
 * instances.
 *
 * ## Cache Optimization
 *
 * To measure cache effectiveness, this class tracks three statistics:
 *

    return CollectCollectors.toImmutableMultiset(elementFunction, countFunction);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the empty immutable multiset.
   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> the instance returned is a singleton.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // all supported methods are covariant
  public static <E> ImmutableMultiset<E> of() {
    return (ImmutableMultiset<E>) RegularImmutableMultiset.EMPTY;
  }

 * <li>User agent settings</li>
 * <li>URL pattern matching with regular expressions and contains filters</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 */
public class GsaConfigParser extends DefaultHandler {

    /** Logger instance for this class. */
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(GsaConfigParser.class);

    /** Prefix for regular expression patterns. */
    public static final String REGEXP = "regexp:";

        ImmutableListMultimap.of('f', "foo", 'o', "foo", 'o', "foo"),
        ImmutableListMultimap.of("foo", 'f', "foo", 'o', "foo", 'o').inverse());
  }

  // Yes, we want to test that inverse() returns the same instance each time that it's called.
  @SuppressWarnings("SelfAssertion")
  public void testInverseMinimizesWork() {
    ImmutableListMultimap<String, Character> multimap =
        ImmutableListMultimap.<String, Character>builder()

We annotate the function return type as `BaseUser`, but we are actually returning a `UserIn` instance.

The editor, mypy, and other tools won't complain about this because, in typing terms, `UserIn` is a subclass of `BaseUser`, which means it's a *valid* type when what is expected is anything that is a `BaseUser`.

/// note | 技術細節

`FastAPI` 是一個直接繼承自 `Starlette` 的類別。

你同樣可以透過 `FastAPI` 來使用 [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/) 所有的功能。

///

### 第二步：建立一個 `FastAPI`「實例」 { #step-2-create-a-fastapi-instance }

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001_py310.py hl[3] *}

這裡的 `app` 變數將會是 `FastAPI` 類別的「實例」。

這將是你建立所有 API 的主要互動點。

### 第三步：建立一個「路徑操作」 { #step-3-create-a-path-operation }

Sie können alle [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/)-Funktionalitäten auch mit `FastAPI` nutzen.

///

### Schritt 2: Erzeugen einer `FastAPI`-„Instanz“ { #step-2-create-a-fastapi-instance }

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001_py310.py hl[3] *}

In diesem Beispiel ist die Variable `app` eine „Instanz“ der Klasse `FastAPI`.