}
    }

    private static Double toDouble(final String s) {
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(s)) {
            return null;
        }
        return Double.valueOf(DecimalFormatUtil.normalize(s));
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal double}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal double}
     */

## About "Form Fields" { #about-form-fields }

The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses a "special" encoding for that data, it's different from JSON.

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

/// note | Technical Details

Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.

 * </ol>
 *
 * <p><b>Other notes</b>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Usually, there is one testcase method per JSR166 method covering "normal" operation, and
 *       then as many exception-testing methods as there are exceptions the method can throw.
 *       Sometimes there are multiple tests per JSR166 method when the different "normal" behaviors
 *       differ significantly. And sometimes testcases cover multiple methods when they cannot be

        }
    }

    private static Byte toByte(final String s) {
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(s)) {
            return null;
        }
        return Byte.valueOf(DecimalFormatUtil.normalize(s));
    }

    /**
     * Converts to {@literal byte}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            The object to convert
     * @return The converted {@literal byte}
     */

It is just a standard function that can receive parameters.

It can be an `async def` or normal `def` function, **FastAPI** will know how to handle it correctly.

In this case, the task function will write to a file (simulating sending an email).

And as the write operation doesn't use `async` and `await`, we define the function with normal `def`:

{* ../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[6:9] *}

        value = "\"complex \"\"test\"\" value\",normal,\"another \"\"escaped\"\"\"";
        result = KuromojiCSVUtil.parse(value);
        assertEquals(3, result.length);
        assertEquals("\"complex \"test\" value\"", result[0]);
        assertEquals("normal", result[1]);
        assertEquals("\"another \"\"escaped\"\"\"", result[2]);
    }

    @Test

# GraphQL { #graphql }

**FastAPI**, **ASGI** standardını temel aldığı için ASGI ile uyumlu herhangi bir **GraphQL** kütüphanesini entegre etmek oldukça kolaydır.

Aynı uygulama içinde normal FastAPI *path operation*'larını GraphQL ile birlikte kullanabilirsiniz.

/// tip | İpucu

**GraphQL** bazı çok özel kullanım senaryolarını çözer.

Yaygın **web API**'lerle karşılaştırıldığında **avantajları** ve **dezavantajları** vardır.

# Exceptions - `HTTPException` and `WebSocketException`

These are the exceptions that you can raise to show errors to the client.

When you raise an exception, as would happen with normal Python, the rest of the execution is aborted. This way you can raise these exceptions from anywhere in the code to abort a request and show the error to the client.

You can use:

* `HTTPException`
* `WebSocketException`

		ACB_PWNOTREQ               = 0x00000004, /* 1 = User password not required */
		ACB_TEMPDUP                = 0x00000008, /* 1 = Temporary duplicate account */
		ACB_NORMAL                 = 0x00000010, /* 1 = Normal user account */
		ACB_MNS                    = 0x00000020, /* 1 = MNS logon user account */
		ACB_DOMTRUST               = 0x00000040, /* 1 = Interdomain trust account */

        };
    }

    private static Long toLong(final String s) {
        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(s)) {
            return null;
        }
        return Long.valueOf(DecimalFormatUtil.normalize(s));
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given object to a {@literal long}.
     *
     * @param o
     *            the object to convert
     * @return the converted {@literal long}
     */