// "Queue" means that requests that can not be executed upon arrival
  // are held in a queue until they can be executed or a queuing limit
  // is reached.
  // "Reject" means that requests that can not be executed upon arrival
  // are rejected.
  // Required.
  // +unionDiscriminator
  optional string type = 1;

  // `queuing` holds the configuration parameters for queuing.

   * "expected arrival time of the next request" is actually in the past, then the difference (now -
   * past) is the amount of time that the RateLimiter was formally unused, and it is that amount of
   * time which we translate to storedPermits. (We increase storedPermits with the amount of permits
   * that would have been produced in that idle time). So, if rate == 1 permit per second, and

You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.

To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `...` as the default:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or
permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate,
threatening, offensive, or harmful. However, these actions shall respect the
licensing terms of the Project Developments that will always supersede such
Code of Conduct.

## Scope

// are responsible for serializing and deserializing the objects that contain
// their internal state.
// Once a ControllerRevision has been successfully created, it can not be updated.
// The API Server will fail validation of all requests that attempt to mutate
// the Data field. ControllerRevisions may, however, be deleted. Note that, due to its use by both

<img src="/img/deployment/https/https03.svg">

The client already **trusts** the entity that generated that TLS certificate (in this case Let's Encrypt, but we'll see about that later), so it can **verify** that the certificate is valid.

  // token's audiences. A client of the TokenReview API that sets the
  // spec.audiences field should validate that a compatible audience identifier
  // is returned in the status.audiences field to ensure that the TokenReview
  // server is audience aware. If a TokenReview returns an empty
  // status.audience field where status.authenticated is "true", the token is

 * endpoint) or <i>closed</i> (includes the endpoint) on that side. With three possibilities on each
 * side, this yields nine basic types of ranges, enumerated below. (Notation: a square bracket
 * ({@code [ ]}) indicates that the range is closed on that side; a parenthesis ({@code ( )}) means
 * it is either open or unbounded. The construct {@code {x | statement}} is read "the set of all
 * <i>x</i> such that <i>statement</i>.")
 *
 * <blockquote>
 *

@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class NullnessCasts {
  /**
   * Accepts a {@code @Nullable T} and returns a plain {@code T}, without performing any check that
   * that conversion is safe.
   *
   * <p>This method is intended to help with usages of type parameters that have {@linkplain
   * ParametricNullness parametric nullness}. If a type parameter instead ranges over only non-null

@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class NullnessCasts {
  /**
   * Accepts a {@code @Nullable T} and returns a plain {@code T}, without performing any check that
   * that conversion is safe.
   *
   * <p>This method is intended to help with usages of type parameters that have {@linkplain
   * ParametricNullness parametric nullness}. If a type parameter instead ranges over only non-null