import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.CLASS;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**

import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.FIELD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.CLASS;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**

import okhttp3.internal.platform.BouncyCastlePlatform
import okhttp3.internal.platform.Platform
import org.bouncycastle.jsse.BCSSLSocket

/**
 * Simple non-reflection SocketAdapter for BouncyCastle.
 */
class BouncyCastleSocketAdapter : SocketAdapter {
  override fun matchesSocket(sslSocket: SSLSocket): Boolean = sslSocket is BCSSLSocket

  override fun isSupported(): Boolean = BouncyCastlePlatform.isSupported

 * ```
 *
 * For Kotlin the `@JvmField` annotation is also necessary:
 *
 * ```kotlin
 * @JvmField @Rule val serverRule = MockWebServerRule()
 * ```
 */
@ExperimentalOkHttpApi
class MockWebServerRule : ExternalResource() {
  val server: MockWebServer = MockWebServer()

  override fun before() {
    try {
      server.start()
    } catch (e: IOException) {
      throw RuntimeException(e)
    }

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

class VersionedSettingsBranchTest {
    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource(
        value = [
            "master,    0",
            "release,   1",
            "release6x, 2",
            "release7x, 3",

### Install `pydantic-settings`

First, make sure you create your [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install the `pydantic-settings` package:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install pydantic-settings
---> 100%
```

          </association>
        </field>
      </fields>
    </class>
    <class>
      <name>PluginManagement</name>
      <version>4.0.0+</version>
      <superClass>PluginContainer</superClass>
      <description>Section for management of default plugin information for use in a group of POMs.
      </description>
    </class>
    <class>
      <name>Reporting</name>
      <version>4.0.0+</version>

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    item_dict = item.dict()
    if item.tax:
        price_with_tax = item.price + item.tax

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")