from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: list[Image] | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

/// info | 資訊

方括號裡的那些內部型別稱為「型別參數」。

在這個例子中，`str` 是傳給 `list` 的型別參數。

///

這表示：「變數 `items` 是一個 `list`，而這個清單中的每個元素都是 `str`」。

這麼做之後，你的編輯器甚至在處理清單裡的項目時也能提供支援：

<img src="/img/python-types/image05.png">

沒有型別時，幾乎不可能做到這點。

請注意，變數 `item` 是清單 `items` 中的一個元素。

即便如此，編輯器仍然知道它是 `str`，並提供相應的支援。

#### Tuple 與 Set { #tuple-and-set }

你也可以用相同方式來宣告 `tuple` 與 `set`：

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings


class Settings(BaseSettings):
    app_name: str = "Awesome API"
    admin_email: str
    items_per_user: int = 50


settings = Settings()
app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/info")
async def info():
    return {
        "app_name": settings.app_name,
        "admin_email": settings.admin_email,
        "items_per_user": settings.items_per_user,

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


def write_log(message: str):
    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
        log.write(message)


def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str | None = None):
    if q:
        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
    return q

     */
    public Tokenizer(final String str, final byte[] ctype) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("str", str);
        assertArgumentNotEmpty("ctype", ctype);

        this.str = str;
        this.ctype = ctype;
    }

    /**
     * Sets up the character type array.
     *
     * @param ctype2
     *            The array of character types to set up.
     */

    "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"},
}

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    title: str
    description: str | None = None


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",
        "description": "There goes my baz",

		}
	}
}

func TestParseKey(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		str         string
		expectedKey Key
	}{
		{
			str: "01894394-d046-4783-ba0d-f1c6885790dc.event",
			expectedKey: Key{
				Name:      "01894394-d046-4783-ba0d-f1c6885790dc",
				Extension: ".event",
				ItemCount: 1,
			},
		},
		{
			str: "100:01894394-d046-4783-ba0d-f1c6885790dc.event.snappy",
			expectedKey: Key{

  }

  @Override
  public void write(String str) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(str);
    checkNotClosed();
    target.append(str);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(String str, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(str);
    checkNotClosed();
    // tricky: append takes start, end pair...
    target.append(str, off, off + len);
  }

  @Override