checkArgument(
        string.length() >= 2, "input string (%s) must have at least 2 characters", string);
    checkArgument(
        string.length() % 2 == 0,
        "input string (%s) must have an even number of characters",
        string);

    byte[] bytes = new byte[string.length() / 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < string.length(); i += 2) {
      int ch1 = decode(string.charAt(i)) << 4;

    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      for (int n = 0; n < chars.length; n++) {
        dummy ^= Ascii.isUpperCase(chars[n]);
      }
    }
    return dummy;
  }

  static String charSequenceToUpperCase(CharSequence chars) {
    char[] newChars = new char[chars.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < newChars.length; i++) {
      newChars[i] = Ascii.toUpperCase(chars.charAt(i));
    }

     * of this method.
     */
    void putAll(LockFreeBitArray other) {
      checkArgument(
          data.length() == other.data.length(),
          "BitArrays must be of equal length (%s != %s)",
          data.length(),
          other.data.length());
      for (int i = 0; i < data.length(); i++) {
        putData(i, other.data.get(i));
      }
    }

    /**

    // step through the CharSequence 2 chars at a time
    for (int i = 1; i < input.length(); i += 2) {
      int k1 = input.charAt(i - 1) | (input.charAt(i) << 16);
      k1 = mixK1(k1);
      h1 = mixH1(h1, k1);
    }

    // deal with any remaining characters
    if ((input.length() & 1) == 1) {
      int k1 = input.charAt(input.length() - 1);
      k1 = mixK1(k1);
      h1 ^= k1;
    }

  public final Entry<String, String>[] createArray(int length) {
    return (Entry<String, String>[]) new Entry<?, ?>[length];
  }

  @Override
  public final String[] createKeyArray(int length) {
    return new String[length];
  }

  @Override
  public final String[] createValueArray(int length) {
    return new String[length];
  }

  /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
  @Override

    assertTrue(x != y);
    assertEquals(x.length(), y.length());
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
      assertBitEquals(x.get(i), y.get(i));
    }

    AtomicDoubleArray a = new AtomicDoubleArray(VALUES);
    AtomicDoubleArray b = serialClone(a);
    assertFalse(a.equals(b));
    assertFalse(b.equals(a));
    assertEquals(a.length(), b.length());
    for (int i = 0; i < VALUES.length; i++) {

      return delegate.order(insertionOrder);
    }

    @Override
    public K[] createKeyArray(int length) {
      return delegate.createKeyArray(length);
    }

    @Override
    public V[] createValueArray(int length) {
      return delegate.createValueArray(length);
    }

    @Override
    public SampleElements<Entry<K, V>> samples() {
      return delegate.samples();
    }

    // contain non-decimal characters.
    int length = end - start;
    if (length <= 0 || length > 3) {
      throw new NumberFormatException();
    }
    // Disallow leading zeroes, because no clear standard exists on
    // whether these should be interpreted as decimal or octal.
    if (length > 1 && ipString.charAt(start) == '0') {
      throw new NumberFormatException();
    }

                  @Override
                  public Range<Integer>[] createKeyArray(int length) {
                    return (Range<Integer>[]) new Range<?>[length];
                  }

                  @Override
                  public String[] createValueArray(int length) {
                    return new String[length];
                  }
                })
            .named("TreeRangeMap.asMapOfRanges")

        int length = testData.length;

        // Act
        signingDigest.sign(testData, offset, length, null, null);

        // Assert
        verify(signingDigest, times(1)).sign(testData, offset, length, null, null);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test verify method with null message")
    void testVerifyWithNullMessage() {
        // Arrange
        int offset = 0;
        int length = testData.length;