```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

/// note

This is supported since FastAPI version `0.113.0`. 🤓

///

## Pydantic Models for Forms { #pydantic-models-for-forms }

You just need to declare a **Pydantic model** with the fields you want to receive as **form fields**, and then declare the parameter as `Form`:

{* ../../docs_src/request_form_models/tutorial001_an_py39.py hl[9:11,15] *}

 * overriding going on amongst the models being used in this test:
 * each model in the lineage is providing a value that is not present
 * anywhere else in the lineage. We are just making sure that values
 * down in the lineage are bubbling up where they should.
 *
 */
@Deprecated
@SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:UnusedLocalVariable")

    // These contain bytes not in the decodabet.
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "A\u007f", "Unrecognized character: 0x7f");
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "Wf2!", "Unrecognized character: !");
    // This sentence just isn't base64() encoded.
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "let's not talk of love or chains!");
    // A 4n+1 length string is never legal base64().
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "12345", "Invalid input length 5");

When you declare a default value for non-path parameters (for now, we have only seen query parameters), then it is not required.

If you don't want to add a specific value but just make it optional, set the default as `None`.

But when you want to make a query parameter required, you can just not declare any default value:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py hl[6:7] *}

    // https://github.com/google/guava/issues/2996
    // no data, just testing that there's no StackOverflowException
    assertEquals(-1, tenMillionEmptySources().read());
  }

  public void testReadArray_noStackOverflow() throws IOException {
    // https://github.com/google/guava/issues/2996
    // no data, just testing that there's no StackOverflowException

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
      while (true) {
        try {
          Thread.sleep(everyMillis);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          // ok. just stop sleeping.
        }
        if (shouldStop) {
          break;
        }
        interruptee.interrupt();
      }
    }

    void stopInterrupting() {
      shouldStop = true;
    }
  }

    try {
      long remainingNanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
      long end = System.nanoTime() + remainingNanos;

      while (true) {
        try {
          // CountDownLatch treats negative timeouts just like zero.
          return latch.await(remainingNanos, NANOSECONDS);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          interrupted = true;
          remainingNanos = end - System.nanoTime();
        }
      }

/// tip

The `model_config` attribute is used just for Pydantic configuration. You can read more at <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic: Concepts: Configuration</a>.

///

////

//// tab | Pydantic v1

{* ../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/config_pv1.py hl[9:10] *}

/// tip

 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>An annotation named just "Suppress" might someday be treated by a non-Android tool as a
 *       suppression. This would follow the precedent of many of our annotation processors, which
 *       look for any annotation named, e.g., "GwtIncompatible," regardless of package.
 *   <li>An annotation named just "Suppress" might suggest to users that the test is suppressed

     */
    public InvokerException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }

    /**
     * Exception for intentional exit: No message or anything will be displayed, just the
     * carried exit code will be returned from invoker {@link Invoker#invoke(InvokerRequest)} method.
     */
    public static final class ExitException extends InvokerException {
        private final int exitCode;