}

  /** Gets the hash table mask using the stored number of hash table bits. */
  private int hashTableMask() {
    return (1 << (metadata & CompactHashing.HASH_TABLE_BITS_MASK)) - 1;
  }

  void incrementModCount() {
    metadata += CompactHashing.MODIFICATION_COUNT_INCREMENT;
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override

* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` has a default of an empty list: `[]`.

but you might want to omit them from the result if they were not actually stored.

For example, if you have models with many optional attributes in a NoSQL database, but you don't want to send very long JSON responses full of default values.

### Use the `response_model_exclude_unset` parameter

    /**
     * Gets the relative path for a locally installed artifact. Note that the artifact need not actually exist yet at
     * the returned location, the path merely indicates where the artifact would eventually be stored.
     * <p>
     * Shortcut for {@code getService(LocalArtifactManager.class).getPathForLocalArtitact(...)}.
     *
     * @param artifact the artifact for which to get a local path

Now, when the clients **create a new hero**, they will send the `secret_name`, it will be stored in the database, but those secret names won't be returned in the API to the clients.

/// tip

This is how you would handle **passwords**. Receive them, but don't return them in the API.

You would also **hash** the values of the passwords before storing them, **never store them in plain text**.

///

The fields of `HeroCreate` are:

   *
   * <p>Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to {@code toArray()}.
   *
   * @param a the array into which the elements of the queue are to be stored, if it is big enough;
   *     otherwise, a new array of the same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
   * @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue

  unsigned char is_list;

  // Length of the list if is_list is true. Undefined otherwise.
  int64_t list_size;

  // Type of elements of the list if is_list != 0.
  // Type of the single value stored in the attribute if is_list == 0.
  TF_AttrType type;

  // Total size the attribute value.
  // The units of total_size depend on is_list and type.
  // (1) If type == TF_ATTR_STRING and is_list == 0

And be compatible with all of them at the same time.

///

Create a utility function to hash a password coming from the user.

And another utility to verify if a received password matches the hash stored.

And another one to authenticate and return a user.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="8  49  56-57  60-61  70-76"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
```

////

   * remove()}. Otherwise, all optional operations are supported. Null row keys, columns keys, and
   * values are not supported.
   *
   * <p>Lookups by row key are often faster than lookups by column key, because the data is stored
   * in a {@code Map<R, Map<C, V>>}. A method call like {@code column(columnKey).get(rowKey)} still
   * runs quickly, since the row key is provided. However, {@code column(columnKey).size()} takes

// off, and an execution operation for named operations. Often execution will
// simply wrap op execution on one or more physical devices.
//
// device_info is an opaque caller-defined type stored with the custom device
// which is passed to the functions referenced in the TFE_CustomDevice struct
// `device` (execute, delete_device, etc.). It can for example contain the
// names of wrapped devices.
//

	cache *metricsCache

	// managed values follow:

	// map of metric descriptors by metric name.
	descriptorMap map[MetricName]MetricDescriptor

	// For bucket metrics, the list of buckets is stored here. It is used in the
	// Collect() call. This is protected by the `bucketsLock`.
	bucketsLock sync.Mutex
	buckets     []string
}

// NewMetricsGroup creates a new MetricsGroup. To create a metrics group for