///

Create a utility function to hash a password coming from the user.

And another utility to verify if a received password matches the hash stored.

And another one to authenticate and return a user.

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py hl[8,49,56:57,60:61,70:76] *}

/// note

		fmt.Println("AccessKeyID:", v.AccessKeyID)
		fmt.Println("SecretAccessKey:", v.SecretAccessKey)
		fmt.Println("SessionToken:", v.SessionToken)
		return
	}

	// Use generated credentials to authenticate with MinIO server
	minioClient, err := minio.New(stsEndpointURL.Host, opts)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Error initializing client: %v", err)
	}

	// Use minIO Client object normally like the regular client.

      Header("if-unmodified-since", ""),
      Header("last-modified", ""),
      Header("link", ""),
      Header("location", ""),
      Header("max-forwards", ""),
      Header("proxy-authenticate", ""),
      Header("proxy-authorization", ""),
      Header("range", ""),
      Header("referer", ""),
      Header("refresh", ""),
      Header("retry-after", ""),
      Header("server", ""),

 * middle of the chain are called "intermediates". Organizations that offer certificate signing are
 * called certificate authorities (CAs).
 *
 * Browsers and other HTTP clients need a set of trusted root certificates to authenticate their
 * peers. Sets of root certificates are managed by either the HTTP client (like Firefox), or the
 * host platform (like Android). In July 2018 Android had 134 trusted root certificates for its HTTP
 * clients to trust.

    def make_not_authenticated_error(self) -> HTTPException:
        """
        The OAuth 2 specification doesn't define the challenge that should be used,
        because a `Bearer` token is not really the only option to authenticate.

        But declaring any other authentication challenge would be application-specific
        as it's not defined in the specification.

        }
        try {
            // set some System properties
            final SpnegoFilterConfig config = SpnegoFilterConfig.getInstance(new SpnegoConfig());

            // pre-authenticate
            authenticator = new org.codelibs.spnego.SpnegoAuthenticator(config);

            fessConfig.setSystemPropertyAsBoolean(SPNEGO_INITIALIZED, true);
            fessConfig.storeSystemProperties();

}

const (
	minValidityDurationSeconds int = 900
	maxValidityDurationSeconds int = 365 * 24 * 3600
)

// Authenticate authenticates the token with the external hook endpoint and
// returns a parent user, max expiry duration for the authentication and a set
// of claims.
func (o *AuthNPlugin) Authenticate(roleArn arn.ARN, token string) (AuthNResponse, error) {
	if o == nil {
		return AuthNResponse{}, nil
	}

따라서 엔드포인트에서는 사용자가 존재하고 올바르게 인증되었으며 활성 상태인 경우에만 사용자를 얻습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py hl[58:66,69:72,90] *}

/// info | 정보

여기서 반환하는 값이 `Bearer`인 추가 헤더 `WWW-Authenticate`도 사양의 일부입니다.

모든 HTTP(오류) 상태 코드 401 "UNAUTHORIZED"는 `WWW-Authenticate` 헤더도 반환해야 합니다.

베어러 토큰의 경우(지금의 경우) 해당 헤더의 값은 `Bearer`여야 합니다.

실제로 추가 헤더를 건너뛸 수 있으며 여전히 작동합니다.

그러나 여기에서는 사양을 준수하도록 제공됩니다.

	}

	cert, ok := clientKey.(*ssh.Certificate)
	if !ok {
		return errSftpPublicKeyWithoutCert
	}

	// ssh.CheckCert called by ssh.Authenticate accepts certificates
	// with empty principles list so we block those in here.
	if len(cert.ValidPrincipals) == 0 {
		return errSftpCertWithoutPrincipals
	}

## OAuth2 { #oauth2 }

OAuth2 is a specification that defines several ways to handle authentication and authorization.

It is quite an extensive specification and covers several complex use cases.

It includes ways to authenticate using a "third party".

That's what all the systems with "login with Facebook, Google, X (Twitter), GitHub" use underneath.

### OAuth 1 { #oauth-1 }