{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "Tipp"

Beachten Sie, dass die Testfunktionen normal `def` und nicht `async def` sind.

Und die Anrufe an den Client sind ebenfalls normale Anrufe, die nicht `await` verwenden.

Dadurch können Sie `pytest` ohne Komplikationen direkt nutzen.

///

/// note | "Technische Details"

Sie könnten auch `from starlette.testclient import TestClient` verwenden.

	u, err := url.Parse(urlStr)
	if err != nil {
		// Mark offline, with no reconnection attempts.
		connected = int32(offline)
		err = &url.Error{URL: urlStr, Err: err}
	}
	// The host's colon:port should be normalized. See Issue 14836.
	u.Host = removeEmptyPort(u.Host)

	// Transport is exactly same as Go default in https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#RoundTripper
	// except custom DialContext and TLSClientConfig.
	clnt := &Client{

certifi==2024.7.4 \
    --hash=sha256:5a1e7645bc0ec61a09e26c36f6106dd4cf40c6db3a1fb6352b0244e7fb057c7b \
    --hash=sha256:c198e21b1289c2ab85ee4e67bb4b4ef3ead0892059901a8d5b622f24a1101e90
    # via requests
charset-normalizer==3.3.2 \
    --hash=sha256:06435b539f889b1f6f4ac1758871aae42dc3a8c0e24ac9e60c2384973ad73027 \
    --hash=sha256:06a81e93cd441c56a9b65d8e1d043daeb97a3d0856d177d5c90ba85acb3db087 \

HTTP protokolünde, bu "metodlardan" birini (veya daha fazlasını) kullanarak her bir yol ile iletişim kurabilirsiniz.

---

API oluştururkan, belirli bir amaca hizmet eden belirli HTTP metodlarını kullanırsınız.

Normalde kullanılan:

* `POST`: veri oluşturmak.
* `GET`: veri okumak.
* `PUT`: veriyi güncellemek.
* `DELETE`: veriyi silmek.

Bu nedenle, OpenAPI'da HTTP metodlarından her birine "operasyon" denir.

### `HTTPException` importieren

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!}
```

### Eine `HTTPException` in Ihrem Code auslösen

`HTTPException` ist eine normale Python-<abbr title="Exception – Ausnahme, Fehler: Python-Objekt, das einen Fehler nebst Metadaten repräsentiert">Exception</abbr> mit einigen zusätzlichen Daten, die für APIs relevant sind.

- Adds node event handlers to dual stack kube-proxy implementation to fix Topology Aware Hints. ([#101054](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/101054), [@robscott](https://github.com/robscott)) [SIG Network]
- Azurefile: Normalize share name to not include capital letters ([#100731](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/100731), [@kassarl](https://github.com/kassarl)) [SIG Cloud Provider and Storage]

* <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a>:

![wsparcie edytora](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png)

Otrzymasz uzupełnienie nawet w miejscach, w których normalnie uzupełnienia nie ma. Na przykład klucz "price" w treści JSON (który mógł być zagnieżdżony), który pochodzi z zapytania.

certifi==2024.7.4 \
    --hash=sha256:5a1e7645bc0ec61a09e26c36f6106dd4cf40c6db3a1fb6352b0244e7fb057c7b \
    --hash=sha256:c198e21b1289c2ab85ee4e67bb4b4ef3ead0892059901a8d5b622f24a1101e90
    # via requests
charset-normalizer==3.3.2 \
    --hash=sha256:06435b539f889b1f6f4ac1758871aae42dc3a8c0e24ac9e60c2384973ad73027 \
    --hash=sha256:06a81e93cd441c56a9b65d8e1d043daeb97a3d0856d177d5c90ba85acb3db087 \

certifi==2024.7.4 \
    --hash=sha256:5a1e7645bc0ec61a09e26c36f6106dd4cf40c6db3a1fb6352b0244e7fb057c7b \
    --hash=sha256:c198e21b1289c2ab85ee4e67bb4b4ef3ead0892059901a8d5b622f24a1101e90
    # via requests
charset-normalizer==3.3.2 \
    --hash=sha256:06435b539f889b1f6f4ac1758871aae42dc3a8c0e24ac9e60c2384973ad73027 \
    --hash=sha256:06a81e93cd441c56a9b65d8e1d043daeb97a3d0856d177d5c90ba85acb3db087 \

certifi==2024.7.4 \
    --hash=sha256:5a1e7645bc0ec61a09e26c36f6106dd4cf40c6db3a1fb6352b0244e7fb057c7b \
    --hash=sha256:c198e21b1289c2ab85ee4e67bb4b4ef3ead0892059901a8d5b622f24a1101e90
    # via requests
charset-normalizer==3.3.2 \
    --hash=sha256:06435b539f889b1f6f4ac1758871aae42dc3a8c0e24ac9e60c2384973ad73027 \
    --hash=sha256:06a81e93cd441c56a9b65d8e1d043daeb97a3d0856d177d5c90ba85acb3db087 \