class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0),
        Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0),

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes | None, File()] = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
    if not file:

    name: str
    price: float


class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
    message: str


@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage)
async def create_item(item: Item):
    return {"message": "item received"}


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])
async def get_items():
    return [
        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},

8. Beachten Sie, dass diese *Pfadoperation-Funktion* reguläres `def` anstelle von `async def` verwendet.

    Wie immer können Sie in FastAPI `def` und `async def` beliebig kombinieren.

    Wenn Sie eine Auffrischung darüber benötigen, wann welche Anwendung sinnvoll ist, lesen Sie den Abschnitt „In Eile?“ in der Dokumentation zu [`async` und `await`](../async.md#in-a-hurry).

8. Notice that this *path operation function* uses regular `def` instead of `async def`.

    As always, in FastAPI you can combine `def` and `async def` as needed.

    If you need a refresher about when to use which, check out the section _"In a hurry?"_ in the docs about [`async` and `await`](../async.md#in-a-hurry).

        },
    },
]

app = FastAPI(openapi_tags=tags_metadata)


@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"])
async def get_users():
    return [{"name": "Harry"}, {"name": "Ron"}]


@app.get("/items/", tags=["items"])
async def get_items():

```Python
with open("file.txt") as file:
    file.read()
```

In neueren Versionen von Python gibt es auch einen **asynchronen Kontextmanager**. Sie würden ihn mit `async with` verwenden:

```Python
async with lifespan(app):
    await do_stuff()
```

  if (forward_input) {
    TFE_DeleteTensorHandle(n);
  }

  int num_retvals = 1;
  if (async) {
    // Enqueue dummy ops so we backlog async execution & actually test async.
    // This is usually unnecessary, but we've experienced the occasional test
    // failure when testing async mode with no explicit forwarding.
    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
      TFE_Op* add_op_dummy = AddOp(ctx, m, m);

8. Обратите внимание, что эта *функция-обработчик пути* использует обычный `def` вместо `async def`.

    Как и всегда в FastAPI, вы можете сочетать `def` и `async def` по необходимости.

    Если хотите освежить в памяти, когда что использовать, посмотрите раздел _"Нет времени?"_ в документации про [`async` и `await`](../async.md#in-a-hurry).

}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,
    response_model_include=["name", "description"],
)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude=["tax"])
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):