また、受け取ったパスワードが保存されているハッシュと一致するかどうかを検証するユーティリティも作成します。

さらに、ユーザーを認証して返す関数も作成します。

```Python hl_lines="7  48  55-56  59-60  69-75"
{!../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
```

/// note | "備考"

新しい（偽の）データベース`fake_users_db`を確認すると、ハッシュ化されたパスワードが次のようになっていることがわかります：`"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`

///

## JWTトークンの取り扱い

インストールした複数のモジュールをインポートします。

  fun newBuilder(): Builder = commonNewBuilder()

  /**
   * Returns true if `other` is a `Headers` object with the same headers, with the same casing, in
   * the same order. Note that two headers instances may be *semantically* equal but not equal
   * according to this method. In particular, none of the following sets of headers are equal
   * according to this method:
   *
   * 1. Original

 * possessing a corresponding value.
 *
 * <p>The mappings corresponding to a given row key may be viewed as a {@link Map} whose keys are
 * the columns. The reverse is also available, associating a column with a row key / value map. Note
 * that, in some implementations, data access by column key may have fewer supported operations or
 * worse performance than data access by row key.
 *

     * Finally, if right hand <code>GAV</code> is absent (line looks like <code>GAV&gt;</code>), the left hand matching
     * <code>GAV</code> is banned fully (from resolving).
     * <br/>
     * Note: the <code>&gt;</code> means project level, while <code>&gt;&gt;</code> means global (whole session level,
     * so even plugins will get relocated artifacts) relocation.
     * <br/>
     * For example,

        }

        /*
         * if there is an andx and it itself is an andx then just recur by
         * calling this method for it. otherwise just read it's parameter words
         * and bytes as usual. Note how we can't just call andx.readWireFormat
         * because there's no header.
         */

        if ( this.errorCode != 0 || this.andxCommand == (byte) 0xFF ) {
            this.andxCommand = (byte) 0xFF;

		diskCount++
	}
	return diskCount
}

// hashOrder - hashes input key to return consistent
// hashed integer slice. Returned integer order is salted
// with an input key. This results in consistent order.
// NOTE: collisions are fine, we are not looking for uniqueness
// in the slices returned.
func hashOrder(key string, cardinality int) []int {
	if cardinality <= 0 {
		// Returns an empty int slice for cardinality < 0.

        if (actual != null && formal.isAssignableFrom(actual)) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check for boxing with widening primitive conversion. Note that
        // actual parameters are never primitives.
        if (formal.isPrimitive()) {
            if (formal == Boolean.TYPE && actual == Boolean.class) {
                return true;
            }

<abbr title="Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (オリジン間リソース共有)">CORS</abbr>についてより詳しい情報は、<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mozilla CORS documentation</a> を参照して下さい。

/// note | "技術詳細"

`from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware` も使用できます。

**FastAPI** は、開発者の利便性を高めるために、`fastapi.middleware` でいくつかのミドルウェアを提供します。利用可能なミドルウェアのほとんどは、Starletteから直接提供されています。

* 만약 매개변수가 **경로**에도 선언되어 있다면, 이는 경로 매개변수로 사용될 것입니다.
* 만약 매개변수가 (`int`, `float`, `str`, `bool` 등과 같은) **유일한 타입**으로 되어있으면, **쿼리** 매개변수로 해석될 것입니다.
* 만약 매개변수가 **Pydantic 모델** 타입으로 선언되어 있으면, 요청 **본문**으로 해석될 것입니다.

/// note | "참고"

FastAPI는 `q`의 값이 필요없음을 알게 될 것입니다. 기본 값이 `= None`이기 때문입니다.

`Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI에 의해 사용된 것이 아니지만, 편집기로 하여금 더 나은 지원과 에러 탐지를 지원할 것입니다.

///

## Pydantic없이

///

/// note

👀 👈 📚 📟 🐩 `SQLAlchemy` 📟 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⏮️ 🙆 🛠️.

 **FastAPI** 🎯 📟 🤪 🕧.

///

## 🐜

**FastAPI** 👷 ⏮️ 🙆 💽 & 🙆 👗 🗃 💬 💽.

⚠ ⚓ ⚙️ "🐜": "🎚-🔗 🗺" 🗃.