import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Range;

import static com.google.common.math.StatsTesting.assertVerticalLinearTransformation;
import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for {@link LinearTransformation}.
 *
 * @author Pete Gillin
 */
public class LinearTransformationTest extends TestCase {

import static com.google.common.math.StatsTesting.assertVerticalLinearTransformation;
import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for {@link LinearTransformation}.
 *
 * @author Pete Gillin
 */
public class LinearTransformationTest extends TestCase {

import static java.lang.Math.min;
import static java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission.OWNER_READ;
import static java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission.OWNER_WRITE;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributeView;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;

例：`pip install httpx`.

///

导入 `TestClient`.

通过传入你的**FastAPI**应用创建一个 `TestClient` 。

创建名字以 `test_` 开头的函数（这是标准的 `pytest` 约定）。

像使用 `httpx` 那样使用 `TestClient` 对象。

为你需要检查的地方用标准的Python表达式写个简单的 `assert` 语句（重申，标准的`pytest`）。

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "提示"

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

          all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
          and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
          Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
          authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
          necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
          technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
import static java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.collect.ObjectArrays;
import com.google.common.jimfs.Configuration;
import com.google.common.jimfs.Feature;
import com.google.common.jimfs.Jimfs;
import java.io.IOException;

    }

    /**
     * Success with warnings
     *
     * @param model
     * @param problems
     */
    public static <T> Result<T> success(T model, Iterable<? extends ModelProblem> problems) {
        assert !hasErrors(problems);
        return new Result<>(false, model, problems);
    }

    /**
     * Success with warnings
     *
     * @param model
     * @param results
     */

 * There is no benefit to invoking multiple `close()` methods for the same response body.
 *
 * For synchronous calls, the easiest way to make sure a response body is closed is with a `try`
 * block. With this structure the compiler inserts an implicit `finally` clause that calls
 * [close()][Response.close] for you.
 *
 * ```java
 * Call call = client.newCall(request);
 * try (Response response = call.execute()) {
 * ... // Use the response.
 * }