fmt.Println("AccessKeyID:", v.AccessKeyID)
		fmt.Println("SecretAccessKey:", v.SecretAccessKey)
		fmt.Println("SessionToken:", v.SessionToken)
		return
	}

	// Use generated credentials to authenticate with MinIO server
	minioClient, err := minio.New(stsEndpointURL.Host, opts)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Error initializing client: %v", err)
	}

	// Use minIO Client object normally like the regular client.

}

const (
	minValidityDurationSeconds int = 900
	maxValidityDurationSeconds int = 365 * 24 * 3600
)

// Authenticate authenticates the token with the external hook endpoint and
// returns a parent user, max expiry duration for the authentication and a set
// of claims.
func (o *AuthNPlugin) Authenticate(roleArn arn.ARN, token string) (AuthNResponse, error) {
	if o == nil {
		return AuthNResponse{}, nil
	}

 * middle of the chain are called "intermediates". Organizations that offer certificate signing are
 * called certificate authorities (CAs).
 *
 * Browsers and other HTTP clients need a set of trusted root certificates to authenticate their
 * peers. Sets of root certificates are managed by either the HTTP client (like Firefox), or the
 * host platform (like Android). In July 2018 Android had 134 trusted root certificates for its HTTP
 * clients to trust.

```Python hl_lines="55-64  67-70  88"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!}
```

////

/// 정보

여기서 반환하는 값이 `Bearer`인 추가 헤더 `WWW-Authenticate`도 사양의 일부입니다.

모든 HTTP(오류) 상태 코드 401 "UNAUTHORIZED"는 `WWW-Authenticate` 헤더도 반환해야 합니다.

베어러 토큰의 경우(지금의 경우) 해당 헤더의 값은 `Bearer`여야 합니다.

실제로 추가 헤더를 건너뛸 수 있으며 여전히 작동합니다.

그러나 여기에서는 사양을 준수하도록 제공됩니다.

{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
```

////

/// info | Informação

O cabeçalho adicional `WWW-Authenticate` com valor `Bearer` que estamos retornando aqui também faz parte da especificação.

Qualquer código de status HTTP (erro) 401 "UNAUTHORIZED" também deve retornar um cabeçalho `WWW-Authenticate`.

No caso de tokens ao portador (nosso caso), o valor desse cabeçalho deve ser `Bearer`.

## OAuth2

OAuth2 is a specification that defines several ways to handle authentication and authorization.

It is quite an extensive specification and covers several complex use cases.

It includes ways to authenticate using a "third party".

That's what all the systems with "login with Facebook, Google, Twitter, GitHub" use underneath.

### OAuth 1

# Envoy binary variables
ISTIO_ENVOY_BASE_URL="${ISTIO_ENVOY_BASE_URL:-https://storage.googleapis.com/istio-build/proxy}"

# If we are not using the default, assume its private and we need to authenticate
if [[ "${ISTIO_ENVOY_BASE_URL}" != "https://storage.googleapis.com/istio-build/proxy" ]]; then
  AUTH_HEADER="Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)"
  export AUTH_HEADER
fi

They will be checked independently for each *path operation*.

## Check it

If you open the API docs, you can authenticate and specify which scopes you want to authorize.

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image11.png">

      when (response.code) {
        HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK -> return null

        HttpURLConnection.HTTP_PROXY_AUTH -> {
          nextRequest = route.address.proxyAuthenticator.authenticate(route, response)
            ?: throw IOException("Failed to authenticate with proxy")

          if ("close".equals(response.header("Connection"), ignoreCase = true)) {
            return nextRequest
          }
        }

///

Create a utility function to hash a password coming from the user.

And another utility to verify if a received password matches the hash stored.

And another one to authenticate and return a user.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="8  49  56-57  60-61  70-76"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+