* 만약 매개변수가 **경로**에도 선언되어 있다면, 이는 경로 매개변수로 사용될 것입니다.
* 만약 매개변수가 (`int`, `float`, `str`, `bool` 등과 같은) **유일한 타입**으로 되어있으면, **쿼리** 매개변수로 해석될 것입니다.
* 만약 매개변수가 **Pydantic 모델** 타입으로 선언되어 있으면, 요청 **본문**으로 해석될 것입니다.

/// note | "참고"

FastAPI는 `q`의 값이 필요없음을 알게 될 것입니다. 기본 값이 `= None`이기 때문입니다.

`Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI에 의해 사용된 것이 아니지만, 편집기로 하여금 더 나은 지원과 에러 탐지를 지원할 것입니다.

///

## Pydantic없이

///

/// note

👀 👈 📚 📟 🐩 `SQLAlchemy` 📟 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⏮️ 🙆 🛠️.

 **FastAPI** 🎯 📟 🤪 🕧.

///

## 🐜

**FastAPI** 👷 ⏮️ 🙆 💽 & 🙆 👗 🗃 💬 💽.

⚠ ⚓ ⚙️ "🐜": "🎚-🔗 🗺" 🗃.

また、受け取ったパスワードが保存されているハッシュと一致するかどうかを検証するユーティリティも作成します。

さらに、ユーザーを認証して返す関数も作成します。

```Python hl_lines="7  48  55-56  59-60  69-75"
{!../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!}
```

/// note | "備考"

新しい（偽の）データベース`fake_users_db`を確認すると、ハッシュ化されたパスワードが次のようになっていることがわかります：`"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`

///

## JWTトークンの取り扱い

インストールした複数のモジュールをインポートします。

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"

---> 100%
```

</div>

**Note**: Make sure you put `"fastapi[standard]"` in quotes to ensure it works in all terminals.

## Example

### Create it

* Create a file `main.py` with:

```Python
from typing import Union

    return CollectCollectors.flatteningToImmutableSetMultimap(keyFunction, valuesFunction);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the empty multimap.
   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> the instance returned is a singleton.
   */
  // Casting is safe because the multimap will never hold any elements.
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <K, V> ImmutableSetMultimap<K, V> of() {

## Node labels for pod assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000 fsGroup: 1000 fsGroupChangePolicy: "OnRootMismatch" # Additational pod annotations podAnnotations: {} # Additional pod labels...

## Node labels for pod assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000 fsGroup: 1000 fsGroupChangePolicy: "OnRootMismatch" # Additational pod annotations podAnnotations: {} # Additional pod labels...

assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} topologySpreadConstr: [] ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000 fsGroup: 1000 fsGroupChangePolicy: "OnRootMismatch" # Additational pod annotations podAnnotations: {} # Additional pod labels...

## Node labels for pod assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000 fsGroup: 1000 fsGroupChangePolicy: "OnRootMismatch" # Additational pod annotations podAnnotations: {} # Additional pod labels...

   * HashMultimap#create()}, {@link LinkedHashMultimap#create()}, {@link
   * LinkedListMultimap#create()}, {@link TreeMultimap#create()}, and {@link
   * TreeMultimap#create(Comparator, Comparator)} won't suffice.
   *
   * <p>Note: the multimap assumes complete ownership over of {@code map} and the collections
   * returned by {@code factory}. Those objects should not be manually updated and they should not
   * use soft, weak, or phantom references.
   *