import static java.lang.Math.min;
import static java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission.OWNER_READ;
import static java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission.OWNER_WRITE;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributeView;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFileAttributes;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static java.lang.Math.max;
import static java.lang.Math.min;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;

例：`pip install httpx`.

///

导入 `TestClient`.

通过传入你的**FastAPI**应用创建一个 `TestClient` 。

创建名字以 `test_` 开头的函数（这是标准的 `pytest` 约定）。

像使用 `httpx` 那样使用 `TestClient` 对象。

为你需要检查的地方用标准的Python表达式写个简单的 `assert` 语句（重申，标准的`pytest`）。

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "提示"

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

// compares the MaximumVolumeSize against the requested size of pending volumes
// to filter out unsuitable nodes. If MaximumVolumeSize is unset, it falls back
// to a comparison against the less precise Capacity. If that is also unset,
// the scheduler assumes that capacity is insufficient and tries some other
// node.
message CSIStorageCapacity {
  // Standard object's metadata.

 * annotated by {@link TestSubtype}.
 *
 * <p>These declaration methods rely on Java static type checking to make sure what we want to
 * assert as subtypes are really subtypes according to javac. For example:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * class MySubtypeTests extends SubtypeTester {
 *   @TestSubtype(suppressGetSubtype = true, suppressGetSupertype = true)

  // +optional
  optional string description = 4;

  // preemptionPolicy is the Policy for preempting pods with lower priority.
  // One of Never, PreemptLowerPriority.
  // Defaults to PreemptLowerPriority if unset.
  // +optional
  optional string preemptionPolicy = 5;
}

// PriorityClassList is a collection of priority classes.
message PriorityClassList {
  // Standard list metadata

      }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the next date character in `input`, or if `invert` the index
     * of the next non-date character in `input`.
     */
    private fun dateCharacterOffset(
      input: String,
      pos: Int,
      limit: Int,
      invert: Boolean,
    ): Int {
      for (i in pos until limit) {
        val c = input[i].code
        val dateCharacter = (

          all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
          and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
          Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
          authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
          necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
          technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
import static java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.collect.ObjectArrays;
import com.google.common.jimfs.Configuration;
import com.google.common.jimfs.Feature;
import com.google.common.jimfs.Jimfs;
import java.io.IOException;

    }

    /**
     * Success with warnings
     *
     * @param model
     * @param problems
     */
    public static <T> Result<T> success(T model, Iterable<? extends ModelProblem> problems) {
        assert !hasErrors(problems);
        return new Result<>(false, model, problems);
    }

    /**
     * Success with warnings
     *
     * @param model
     * @param results
     */