import java.io.FilterInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/** Returns a random portion of the requested bytes on each call. */
@NullUnmarked
class RandomAmountInputStream extends FilterInputStream {
  private final Random random;

  public RandomAmountInputStream(InputStream in, Random random) {
    super(checkNotNull(in));

func New() hash.Hash { return sha256.New() }

// Sum256 returns the SHA256 checksum of the data.
func Sum256(data []byte) [sha256.Size]byte { return sha256.Sum256(data) }

// Size is the size of a SHA256 checksum in bytes.

`secrets.compare_digest()` должен получать `bytes` или `str`, который содержит только символы ASCII (английские символы). Это значит, что он не будет работать с символами вроде `á`, как в `Sebastián`.

Чтобы это обработать, сначала преобразуем `username` и `password` в `bytes`, закодировав их в UTF-8.

        assertNotNull(lockResponse);
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("writeBytesWireFormat tests")
    class WriteBytesWireFormatTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should always return 0 for write bytes")
        void testWriteBytesWireFormat() {
            // Given
            byte[] dst = new byte[100];
            int dstIndex = 0;

            // When

{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002_py39.py hl[1,18] *}

### `HTMLResponse` { #htmlresponse }

Usa algum texto ou sequência de bytes e retorna uma resposta HTML. Como você leu acima.

### `PlainTextResponse` { #plaintextresponse }

Usa algum texto ou sequência de bytes para retornar uma resposta de texto não formatado.

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005_py39.py hl[2,7,9] *}

func init() {
	interval := fmt.Sprintf("%ds", int(resourceMetricsCollectionInterval.Seconds()))
	resourceMetricsHelpMap = map[MetricName]string{
		interfaceRxBytes:  "Bytes received on the interface in " + interval,
		interfaceRxErrors: "Receive errors in " + interval,
		interfaceTxBytes:  "Bytes transmitted in " + interval,
		interfaceTxErrors: "Transmit errors in " + interval,
		total:             "Total memory on the node",

// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package disk

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"syscall"
)

// GetInfo returns total and free bytes available in a directory, e.g. `/`.
func GetInfo(path string, _ bool) (info Info, err error) {
	s := syscall.Statfs_t{}
	err = syscall.Statfs(path, &s)
	if err != nil {
		return Info{}, err
	}

final class SingletonImmutableSet<E> extends ImmutableSet<E> {
  // We deliberately avoid caching the asList and hashCode here, to ensure that with
  // compressed oops, a SingletonImmutableSet packs all the way down to the optimal 16 bytes.

  final transient E element;

  SingletonImmutableSet(E element) {
    this.element = Preconditions.checkNotNull(element);
  }

  @Override
  public int size() {
    return 1;
  }

  @Override

O `secrets.compare_digest()` necessita receber `bytes` ou `str` que possuem apenas caracteres ASCII (os em inglês). Isso significa que não funcionaria com caracteres como o `á`, como em `Sebastián`.

Para lidar com isso, primeiramente nós convertemos o `username` e o `password` para `bytes`, codificando-os com UTF-8.

async def post_url_encoded(age: Annotated[Optional[int], Form()] = None):
    return age


@app.post("/multipart")
async def post_multi_part(
    age: Annotated[Optional[int], Form()] = None,
    file: Annotated[Optional[bytes], File()] = None,
):
    return {"file": file, "age": age}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_form_default_url_encoded():
    response = client.post("/urlencoded", data={"age": ""})