*       add overloads that accept start and end indexes.
 *   <li>Can be streamed without "breaking the chain": {@code foo.getBarLongs().stream()...}.
 *   <li>Access to all collection-based utilities via {@link #asList} (though at the cost of
 *       allocating garbage).
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Disadvantages compared to {@code long[]}:
 *
 * <ul>

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Testing utilities relating to garbage collection finalization.
 *
 * <p>Use this class to test code triggered by finalization, that is, one of the following
 * actions taken by the java garbage collection system:
 *
 * <ul>

/// tip | 提示
整合像 Google、Facebook、X（Twitter）、GitHub 等其他身分驗證/授權提供者也是可行而且相對容易。

最複雜的部分其實是打造一個類似那樣的身分驗證/授權提供者，但 **FastAPI** 提供了工具，能替你處理繁重工作，讓你更輕鬆完成。
///

## **FastAPI** 工具 { #fastapi-utilities }

FastAPI 在 `fastapi.security` 模組中為上述各種安全性方案提供了多種工具，讓這些機制更容易使用。

接下來的章節會示範如何使用這些 **FastAPI** 提供的工具，為你的 API 加入安全性。

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * Collection interfaces and implementations, and other utilities for collections. This package is a
 * part of the open-source <a href="https://github.com/google/guava">Guava</a> library.
 *
 * <p>The classes in this package include:
 *
 * <h2>Immutable collections</h2>
 *

 *       add overloads that accept start and end indexes.
 *   <li>Can be streamed without "breaking the chain": {@code foo.getBarDoubles().stream()...}.
 *   <li>Access to all collection-based utilities via {@link #asList} (though at the cost of
 *       allocating garbage).
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Disadvantages compared to {@code double[]}:
 *
 * <ul>

 *       add overloads that accept start and end indexes.
 *   <li>Can be streamed without "breaking the chain": {@code foo.getBarInts().stream()...}.
 *   <li>Access to all collection-based utilities via {@link #asList} (though at the cost of
 *       allocating garbage).
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Disadvantages compared to {@code int[]}:
 *
 * <ul>

 * {@code String} and a {@code String} to an {@code int} that treat the {@code int} as an unsigned
 * number.
 *
 * <p>Users of these utilities must be <i>extremely careful</i> not to mix up signed and unsigned
 * {@code int} values. When possible, it is recommended that the {@link UnsignedInteger} wrapper

 *   }
 * }, executor);
 * }
 *
 * <h3>How to get an instance</h3>
 *
 * <p>We encourage you to return {@code ListenableFuture} from your methods so that your users can
 * take advantage of the {@linkplain Futures utilities built atop the class}. The way that you will
 * create {@code ListenableFuture} instances depends on how you currently create {@code Future}
 * instances:
 *
 * <ul>

また、コード内の未使用のパラメータを見た新しい開発者が、それを不要だと思って混乱するのを避ける助けにもなるかもしれません。

///

/// info | 情報

この例では、架空のカスタムヘッダー `X-Key` と `X-Token` を使用しています。

しかし実際のケースでセキュリティを実装する際は、統合された[Security utilities（次の章）](../security/index.md)を使うことで、より多くの利点を得られます。

///

## 依存関係のエラーと戻り値 { #dependencies-errors-and-return-values }

通常使用している依存関係の*関数*と同じものを使用できます。

### 依存関係の要件 { #dependency-requirements }

├── normalizer/                 # Text normalizers
├── converter/                  # Reading converters (katakana, romaji)
├── concurrent/                 # Async patterns (Deferred/Promise)
└── util/                      # Utilities
```

### Key Design Patterns

- **Builder**: SuggesterBuilder, SuggestRequestBuilder
- **Facade**: Suggester (main entry point)
- **Composite**: NormalizerChain, ReadingConverterChain