a. any file in Source Code Form that results from an addition to, deletion
        from, or modification of the contents of Covered Software; or

     b. any new file in Source Code Form that contains any Covered Software.

1.11. “Patent Claims” of a Contributor

      means any patent claim(s), including without limitation, method, process,
      and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by such Contributor that

You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.

To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `...` as the default:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

        a full-time Guava team member. [Feedback](https://stackoverflow.com/a/4543114) from our
        users indicates that they really appreciate Guava's high power-to-weight ratio. It's
        important to us to keep Guava as easy to use and understand as we can. That means boiling
        features down to compact but powerful abstractions, and controlling feature bloat carefully.

  - type: textarea
    attributes:

### FastAPI Data Filtering

Now, for FastAPI, it will see the return type and make sure that what you return includes **only** the fields that are declared in the type.

   * Ideally, this class would have exposed only constructors that require a non-null cause. See
   * https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify-reference-checker/blob/61aafa4ae52594830cfc2d61c8b113009dbdb045/src/main/java/com/google/jspecify/nullness/NullSpecTransfer.java#L789
   * and https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify/issues/490.
   *
   * (That would also have ensured that its cause was always an Error, rather than possibly another

  // The scheduler will prefer to schedule pods to nodes that satisfy
  // the affinity expressions specified by this field, but it may choose
  // a node that violates one or more of the expressions. The node that is
  // most preferred is the one with the greatest sum of weights, i.e.
  // for each node that meets all of the scheduling requirements (resource

   * is transmitted. If you cannot ensure that your client and server both support HTTP/2, do not
   * use this feature.
   *
   * ### Duplex APIs
   *
   * With regular request bodies it is not legal to write bytes to the sink passed to
   * [RequestBody.writeTo] after that method returns. For duplex requests bodies that condition is

   * Reader#skip(long) skip} to the end of the stream, and return the total number of chars that
   * were skipped.
   *
   * <p>Note that for sources that implement {@link #lengthIfKnown} to provide a more efficient
   * implementation, it is <i>possible</i> that this method will return a different number of chars
   * than would be returned by reading all of the chars.

// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

//go:build goexperiment.arenas

/*
The arena package provides the ability to allocate memory for a collection
of Go values and free that space manually all at once, safely. The purpose
of this functionality is to improve efficiency: manually freeing memory
before a garbage collection delays that cycle. Less frequent cycles means

    return tmp;
  }

  private static long random() {
    return RANDOM_SOURCE.nextLong();
  }

  // A random value that cannot be 0 and that is unsigned-less-than or equal
  // to the given dividend, so that we don't have half of our divisions being
  // trivial because the divisor is bigger than the dividend.
  // Using remainder here does not give us a uniform distribution but it should
  // not have a big impact on the measurement.