import static com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionFeature.SUPPORTS_REMOVE;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize.SEVERAL;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize.ZERO;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.testers.ReflectionFreeAssertThrows.assertThrows;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;

///

## Separating tests

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

And your **FastAPI** application might also be composed of several files/modules, etc.

### **FastAPI** app file

Let's say you have a file structure as described in [Bigger Applications](bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:

```
.
├── app

import static com.google.common.collect.testing.Helpers.assertEmpty;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.Helpers.mapEntry;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize.SEVERAL;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.features.CollectionSize.ZERO;
import static com.google.common.collect.testing.features.MapFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES;

This is in contrast to the **development** stages, where you are constantly changing the code, breaking it and fixing it, stopping and restarting the development server, etc.

## Deployment Strategies

There are several ways to do it depending on your specific use case and the tools that you use.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

## Details about the `Request` object

As **FastAPI** is actually **Starlette** underneath, with a layer of several tools on top, you can use Starlette's <a href="https://www.starlette.io/requests/" class="external-link" target="_blank">`Request`</a> object directly when you need to.

If you want to secure your API, there are several better things you can do, for example:

* Make sure you have well defined Pydantic models for your request bodies and responses.
* Configure any required permissions and roles using dependencies.

# Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc.

There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return them directly from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/** An ordering that tries several comparators in order. */
@GwtCompatible(serializable = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class CompoundOrdering<T extends @Nullable Object> extends Ordering<T>
    implements Serializable {

## Context

In Gradle we often need to serialize in-memory objects for caching, or to transmit them across process barriers, etc.
Java serialization is one way to implement this, however, despite its simplicity of implementation, it has several drawbacks:

- **Performance:**
Java's built-in serialization mechanism is often slower compared to other serialization solutions.
This is due to Java's use of reflection and the need to maintain a lot of metadata.

                """
            ),
        ],
        scope: Annotated[
            str,
            Form(),
            Doc(
                """
                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
                scope is also a string.

                For example, a single string with:

                ```python