* rate at the end of the period (as long as there are enough requests to saturate it). Similarly,
   * if the {@code RateLimiter} is left <i>unused</i> for a duration of {@code warmupPeriod}, it
   * will gradually return to its "cold" state, i.e. it will go through the same warming up process
   * as when it was first created.
   *

     * and wrongly believes that its exception is new (leading it to logging it when it shouldn't)
     *
     * Our solution is for threads to CAS seenExceptions from null to a Set populated with _the
     * initial exception_, no matter which thread does the work. This ensures that seenExceptions
     * always contains not just the current thread's exception but also the initial thread's.
     */

/// warning

When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.

It won't be serialized with a model, etc.

Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`).

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

        // Mark this entry as 'DIRTY' so that if the process crashes this entry won't be used.
        journalWriter?.let {
          it.writeUtf8(DIRTY)
          it.writeByte(' '.code)
          it.writeUtf8(entry.key)
          it.writeByte('\n'.code)
          it.flush()
        }
      }
      if (entry.lockingSourceCount > 0 || entry.currentEditor != null) {
        entry.zombie = true
        return true

   * is read.
   *
   * <p>Like {@link BufferedReader#readLine()}, this method considers a line to be a sequence of
   * text that is terminated by (but does not include) one of {@code \r\n}, {@code \r} or {@code
   * \n}. If the source's content does not end in a line termination sequence, it is treated as if
   * it does.
   *

In the case of our dependency `get_settings()`, the function doesn't even take any arguments, so it always returns the same value.

That way, it behaves almost as if it was just a global variable. But as it uses a dependency function, then we can override it easily for testing.

// It randomly fetches an IP via custom LookupHost function and dials it by the given dial
// function. LookupHost may implement an internal DNS caching implementation, lookupHost
// input if nil then net.DefaultResolver.LookupHost is used.
//
// It dials one by one and returns first connected `net.Conn`.
// If it fails to dial all IPs from cache it returns first error. If no baseDialFunc

   *       maxPermits is equal to warmupPeriod.
   *   <li>When _used_, the time it takes, as explained in the introductory class note, is equal to
   *       the integral of our function, between X permits and X-K permits, assuming we want to
   *       spend K saved permits.
   * </ol>
   *

  /**
   * This is mutable and order matters. By default, it contains [IPv4, IPv6]. Tests may manipulate
   * it to prefer IPv6.
   */
  private var dnsResults = listOf<InetAddress>()

  @BeforeEach
  internal fun setUp() {
    val inetAddresses = InetAddress.getAllByName("localhost")
    localhostIpv4 = inetAddresses.firstOrNull { it is Inet4Address }
      ?: throw TestAbortedException()

        final Iterator<String> it = new MultiIterator<String>(list1.iterator(), list2.iterator());

        assertThat(it.hasNext(), is(true));
        assertThat(it.next(), is("Foo"));

        assertThat(it.hasNext(), is(true));
        assertThat(it.next(), is("Bar"));

        assertThat(it.hasNext(), is(true));
        assertThat(it.next(), is("Baz"));

        assertThat(it.hasNext(), is(not(true)));
    }