FieldAllowUpdate        string `gorm:"<-:update"`
		FieldAllowSave          string `gorm:"<-"`
		FieldAllowSave2         string `gorm:"<-:create,update"`
		FieldAllowSave3         string `gorm:"->:false;<-:create"`
		FieldReadonly           string `gorm:"->"`
		FieldIgnore             string `gorm:"-"`
		AutoUnixCreateTime      int32  `gorm:"autocreatetime"`
		AutoUnixMilliCreateTime int    `gorm:"autocreatetime:milli"`

package clause_test

import (
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

var db, _ = gorm.Open(tests.DummyDialector{}, nil)

func checkBuildClauses(t *testing.T, clauses []clause.Interface, result string, vars []interface{}) {
	var (
		buildNames    []string
		buildNamesMap = map[string]bool{}

package tests_test

import (
	"testing"

	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

type Hamster struct {
	Id           int
	Name         string
	PreferredToy Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;polymorphicValue:hamster_preferred"`
	OtherToy     Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;polymorphicValue:hamster_other"`
}

func TestNamedPolymorphic(t *testing.T) {
	DB.Migrator().DropTable(&Hamster{})
	DB.AutoMigrate(&Hamster{})

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestGroupBy(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.GroupBy{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "role"}},
				Having:  []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{"role", "admin"}},
			}},

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestLocking(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Locking{Strength: clause.LockingStrengthUpdate}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` FOR UPDATE", nil,
		},
		{

package tests_test

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestTransaction(t *testing.T) {
	tx := DB.Begin()
	user := *GetUser("transaction", Config{})

	if err := tx.Save(&user).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("No error should raise, but got %v", err)
	}

	if err := tx.First(&User{}, "name = ?", "transaction").Error; err != nil {

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{
				clause.Update{},
				clause.Set([]clause.Assignment{{clause.PrimaryColumn, 1}}),
			},
			"UPDATE `users` SET `users`.`id`=?",
			[]interface{}{1},
		},

package callbacks

import (
	"reflect"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

func callMethod(db *gorm.DB, fc func(value interface{}, tx *gorm.DB) bool) {
	tx := db.Session(&gorm.Session{NewDB: true})
	if called := fc(db.Statement.ReflectValue.Interface(), tx); !called {
		switch db.Statement.ReflectValue.Kind() {
		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
			db.Statement.CurDestIndex = 0
			for i := 0; i < db.Statement.ReflectValue.Len(); i++ {

func init() {
	_, file, _, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
	// compatible solution to get gorm source directory with various operating systems
	gormSourceDir = sourceDir(file)
}

func sourceDir(file string) string {
	dir := filepath.Dir(file)
	dir = filepath.Dir(dir)

	s := filepath.Dir(dir)
	if filepath.Base(s) != "gorm.io" {
		s = dir
	}
	return filepath.ToSlash(s) + "/"
}

    environment:
      - MYSQL_DATABASE=gorm
      - MYSQL_USER=gorm
      - MYSQL_PASSWORD=gorm
      - MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD="yes"
  postgres:
    image: 'postgres:latest'
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:9920:5432"
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
      - POSTGRES_DB=gorm
      - POSTGRES_USER=gorm
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=gorm
  mssql:
    image: '${MSSQL_IMAGE}:latest'
    ports: